HAVING Clause
Specifies which grouped records are displayed in a SELECT statement with a GROUP BY clause. After GROUP BY combines records, HAVING displays any records grouped by the GROUP BY clause that satisfy the conditions of the HAVING clause.
Syntax
SELECT fieldlist
FROM table
WHERE selectcriteria
GROUP BY groupfieldlist
[HAVING groupcriteria]
A SELECT statement containing a HAVING clause has these parts:
| Part | Description |
|---|---|
| fieldlist | The name of the field or fields to be retrieved along with any field-name aliases, SQL aggregate functions, selection predicates (ALL, DISTINCT, DISTINCTROW, or TOP ), or other SELECT statement options. |
| table | The name of the table from which records are retrieved. |
| selectcriteria | Selection criteria. If the statement includes a WHERE clause, the Microsoft Jet database engine groups values after applying the WHERE conditions to the records. |
| groupfieldlist | The names of up to 10 fields used to group records. The order of the field names in groupfieldlist determines the grouping levels from the highest to the lowest level of grouping. |
| groupcriteria | An expression that determines which grouped records to display. |
Remarks
HAVING is optional.
HAVING is similar to WHERE, which determines which records are selected. After records are grouped with GROUP BY, HAVING determines which records are displayed:
SELECT CategoryID,
Sum(UnitsInStock)
FROM Products
GROUP BY CategoryID
HAVING Sum(UnitsInStock) > 100 And Like "BOS*";
A HAVING clause can contain up to 40 expressions linked by logical operators, such as And and Or.
See Also
| ALL, DISTINCT, DISTINCTROW, or TOP Predicates | SELECT Statement |
| FROM Clause | SELECT...INTO Statement |
| GROUP BY Clause | SQL aggregate functions |
| ORDER BY Clause | WHERE Clause |