Add two vectors.

Parameters:

	a	The first vector.
	b	The second vector.

Returns:

The vector a + b.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorAdd( %a, %b );
//
// The sum of vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz) is:
//
//     a + b = ( ax + bx, ay + by, az + bz )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%a = "1 0 0";
%b = "0 1 0";

// %r = "( 1 + 0, 0 + 1, 0 + 0 )";
// %r = "1 1 0";
%r = VectorAdd( %a, %b );

Calculcate the cross product of two vectors.

Parameters:

	a	The first vector.
	b	The second vector.

Returns:

The cross product x b.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorCross( %a, %b );
//
// The cross product of vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz), is
//
//     a x b = ( ( ay * bz ) - ( az * by ), ( az * bx ) - ( ax * bz ), ( ax * by ) - ( ay * bx ) )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%b = "2 0 1";

// %r = "( ( 1 * 1 ) - ( 0 * 0 ), ( 0 * 2 ) - ( 1 * 1 ), ( 1 * 0 ) - ( 1 * 2 ) )";
// %r = "1 -1 -2";
%r = VectorCross( %a, %b );

Compute the distance between two vectors.

Parameters:

	a	The first vector.
	b	The second vector.

Returns:

The length( b - a ).

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorDist( %a, %b );
//
// The distance between vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz), is
//
//     a -> b = ||( b - a )||
//            = ||( bx - ax, by - ay, bz - az )||
//            = mSqrt( ( bx - ax ) * ( bx - ax ) + ( by - ay ) * ( by - ay ) + ( bz - az ) * ( bz - az ) )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%b = "2 0 1";

// %r = mSqrt( ( 2 - 1 ) * ( 2 - 1) + ( 0 - 1 ) * ( 0 - 1 ) + ( 1 - 0 ) * ( 1 - 0 ) );
// %r = mSqrt( 3 );
%r = VectorDist( %a, %b );

Compute the dot product of two vectors.

Parameters:

	a	The first vector.
	b	The second vector.

Returns:

The dot product a * b.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorDot( %a, %b );
//
// The dot product between vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz), is:
//
//     a . b = ( ax * bx + ay * by + az * bz )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%b = "2 0 1";

// %r = "( 1 * 2 + 1 * 0 + 0 * 1 )";
// %r = 2;
%r = VectorDot( %a, %b );

Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.

Parameters:

v

A vector.

Returns:

The length of vector v.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorLen( %a );
//
// The length or magnitude of  vector a, (ax, ay, az), is:
//
//     ||a|| = Sqrt( ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";

// %r = mSqrt( 1 * 1 + 1 * 1 + 0 * 0 );
// %r = mSqrt( 2 );
// %r = 1.414;
%r = VectorLen( %a );

Linearly interpolate between two vectors by t.

Parameters:

	a	Vector to start interpolation from.
	b	Vector to interpolate to.
	t	Interpolation factor (0-1). At zero, a is returned and at one, b is returned. In between, an interpolated vector between a and b is returned.

Returns:

An interpolated vector between a and b.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorLerp( %a, %b );
//
// The point between vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz), which is
// weighted by the interpolation factor, t, is
//
//     r = a + t * ( b - a )
//       = ( ax + t * ( bx - ax ), ay + t * ( by - ay ), az + t * ( bz - az ) )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%b = "2 0 1";
%v = "0.25";

// %r = "( 1 + 0.25 * ( 2 - 1 ), 1 + 0.25 * ( 0 - 1 ), 0 + 0.25 * ( 1 - 0 ) )";
// %r = "1.25 0.75 0.25";
%r = VectorLerp( %a, %b );

Brings a vector into its unit form, i.e. such that it has the magnitute 1.

Parameters:

v

The vector to normalize.

Returns:

The vector v scaled to length 1.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorNormalize( %a );
//
// The normalized vector a, (ax, ay, az), is:
//
//     a^ = a / ||a||
//        = ( ax / ||a||, ay / ||a||, az / ||a|| )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%l = 1.414;

// %r = "( 1 / 1.141, 1 / 1.141, 0 / 1.141 )";
// %r = "0.707 0.707 0";
%r = VectorNormalize( %a );

Create an orthogonal basis from the given vector.

Parameters:

aaf

The vector to create the orthogonal basis from.

Returns:

A matrix representing the orthogonal basis.

Scales a vector by a scalar.

Parameters:

	a	The vector to scale.
	scalar	The scale factor.

Returns:

The vector a * scalar.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorScale( %a, %v );
//
// Scaling vector a, (ax, ay, az), but the scalar, v, is:
//
//     a * v = ( ax * v, ay * v, az * v )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 1 0";
%v = "2";

// %r = "( 1 * 2, 1 * 2, 0 * 2 )";
// %r = "2 2 0";
%r = VectorScale( %a, %v );

Subtract two vectors.

Parameters:

	a	The first vector.
	b	The second vector.

Returns:

The vector a - b.

Example:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// VectorSub( %a, %b );
//
// The difference of vector a, (ax, ay, az), and vector b, (bx, by, bz) is:
//
//     a - b = ( ax - bx, ay - by, az - bz )
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%a = "1 0 0";
%b = "0 1 0";

// %r = "( 1 - 0, 0 - 1, 0 - 0 )";
// %r = "1 -1 0";
%r = VectorSub( %a, %b );