5.1.7 Carriage Return, Line Feed and New Line
New lines are represented on different platforms by carriage return (CR), line feed (LF), CRLF, or new line (NEL).
Unfortunately, not only are new lines represented by different characters on different platforms, they also have ambiguous behaviour even on the same platform.
Especially with the advent of the web, where text on a single machine can arise from many sources, this causes a significant problem.
Unfortunately, these characters are often transcoded directly into the corresponding Unicode codes when a character set is transcoded; this means that even programs handling pure Unicode have to deal with the problems.
|
|
Unicode |
ASCII |
EBCDIC 1 |
EBCDIC 2 |
|
CR |
000D |
0D |
0D |
0D |
|
LF |
000A |
0A |
25 |
15 |
|
CRLF |
000D 000A |
0D 0A |
0D 25 |
0D 15 |
|
NEL |
0085 |
85 |
15 |
25 |
|
VT |
000B |
0B |
0B |
0B |
|
FF |
000C |
0C |
0C |
0C |
|
LS |
2028 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
PS |
2029 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
There are two mappings of LF and NEL used by EBCDIC systems.
The first EBCDIC column shows the MVS Open Edition (including CP1047) mapping of these characters, while the second column shows the CDRA mapping.
This difference arises from the use of LF character as 'New Line' in ASCII-based Linux environments and in some data transfer protocols that use the Linux assumptions.
The second column is based on the standardized definitions — both in ASCII and EBCDIC of LF.
NEL is not actually defined in ASCII: it is defined in ISO 6429 as a C1 control.
For more information refer to: