Revenue Recognition for Cost Plus Projects

This topic describes revenue recognition for cost plus projects under the following accounting methods.

• Percentage Completion Methods

• Billings and Costs Method

• Completed Project Method

• Accrual-Basis Method

Percentage Completion Methods

For cost plus projects using any of the percentage completion methods, the program first calculates the percentage complete. Then, to determine the amount of revenue to recognize for the period, the program:

1. Determines the revenue earned to date.

   • Multiplies the calculated percentage complete by the total estimated revenue for the project (except for the category percentage complete method).

   % Complete

   *

   Total estimated project revenue

   • For the category percentage complete method, multiplies the calculated percentage complete by the total estimated revenue for each category.

   % Complete

   *

   Total estimated category revenue

2. Determines the amount of revenue to recognize for the period.

   Amount earned to date

   -

   Revenue recognized previously

   This is the amount that will be credited (or debited, if negative) to the revenue account.

3. Determines the profit earned to date.

   Current estimated revenue (functional currency)

   -

   Current estimated costs

   *

   Percentage complete

4. Determines the profit to recognize for the period.

   Profit earned to date

   -

   Profit previously recognized

   This is the amount that will be charged to work in progress (or credited, if negative).

5. Determines the cost for the period.

   Revenue for the period

   -

   Profit for the period

   This is the amount that will be charged to cost of sales.

6. If the project is marked Complete, or if you use the option to clear billings and work in progress during revenue recognition, the program clears the accumulated, offsetting amounts from the billings and work in progress accounts and marks the project Closed.

The journal entry to record revenue periodically throughout the project depends on your selection for the Percentage Completion Method option on the Settings tab of the PJC Options form.

• If you opted to clear the billings and work in progress accounts when you close percentage completion projects, the entries are as follows:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Work in Progress (gross profit)	X
Cost of Sales	X
Work in Progress (loss)		X
Revenue		X

The following general ledger entry is used when you complete a project that uses a percentage complete accounting method:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Billings	X
Work in Progress		X

If there are any unrecognized amounts in the billings account (from invoices entered manually through Accounts Receivable), the program adjusts the revenue account, accordingly. Note that this entry may be combined with the closing entry.

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Billings	X
Revenue		X

If there are any unrecognized costs in the work in progress account (that is, non-labor costs that were not recognized under the labor hours percentage complete method), the program adjusts the cost of sales account:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Work in Progress	X
Cost of Sales		X

• If you opted to clear the billings and work in progress accounts during revenue recognition, the entry is:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Billings	X
Revenue		X
Cost of Sales	X
Work in Progress		X
Cost of Sales (for an overall loss, if any)	X
Work in Progress (for an overall loss, if any)		X

Note that if a change in an estimate or in actual costs results in an anticipated overall loss, the program creates an additional debit to the cost of sales account and a credit to the work in progress account to recognize the entire loss immediately.

Billings and Costs Method

To calculate revenue for cost plus projects that use the billings and costs accounting method, the program determines:

• The amount to credit the revenue account for the period.

This is the total amount billed for the project to the specified cut-off date or fiscal year and period, or since you last recognized revenue.

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Billings	X
Revenue		X

• The amount that will be charged to the cost of sales account for the period.

This is the total cost incurred on the project to the specified cut-off date or fiscal year and period, or since you last recognized revenue.

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Cost of Sales	X
Work in Progress		X

• There is no entry to the work in progress account for gross profit, since revenue and costs are recognized independently.

Completed Project Method

For cost plus projects that use the completed project accounting method, the program does not credit the revenue account or charge the cost of sales account until the project is marked Completed. Until then, all costs are accumulated in the work in progress account, and billings are accumulated in the billings account.

When you change the status of a project to Completed, the next time you run the revenue recognition functions, the program recognizes as revenue the sum of all the billings for the project. It also charges the total costs incurred to the cost of sales account and credits the work in progress account to eliminate project-related balances from the latter account, as follows:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Billings	X
Revenue		X
Cost of Sales	X
Work in Progress		X

Accrual-Basis Method

For cost plus projects that use the accrual-basis accounting method, you do not run the revenue recognition functions to recognize revenue.

For these projects, costs are automatically debited to the cost of sales account when you post cost transactions. For example, when you post an equipment usage transaction, the general ledger entry is:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Cost of Sales	X
Equipment		X

When you post invoices for a project in Accounts Receivable, the transaction is immediately posted to the revenue account, as follows:

General Ledger Account	Debit	Credit
Accounts Receivable Control	X
Revenue		X

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