14.5.1 Logger Objects

Python 2.5

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14.5.1 Logger Objects

Loggers have the following attributes and methods. Note that Loggers are never instantiated directly, but always through the module-level function logging.getLogger(name).

propagate: If this evaluates to false, logging messages are not passed by this logger or by child loggers to higher level (ancestor) loggers. The constructor sets this attribute to 1.

setLevel( lvl)

Sets the threshold for this logger to lvl. Logging messages which are less severe than lvl will be ignored. When a logger is created, the level is set to NOTSET (which causes all messages to be processed when the logger is the root logger, or delegation to the parent when the logger is a non-root logger). Note that the root logger is created with level WARNING.

The term "delegation to the parent" means that if a logger has a level of NOTSET, its chain of ancestor loggers is traversed until either an ancestor with a level other than NOTSET is found, or the root is reached.

If an ancestor is found with a level other than NOTSET, then that ancestor's level is treated as the effective level of the logger where the ancestor search began, and is used to determine how a logging event is handled.

If the root is reached, and it has a level of NOTSET, then all messages will be processed. Otherwise, the root's level will be used as the effective level.

isEnabledFor( lvl): Indicates if a message of severity lvl would be processed by this logger. This method checks first the module-level level set by logging.disable(lvl) and then the logger's effective level as determined by getEffectiveLevel().

getEffectiveLevel( ): Indicates the effective level for this logger. If a value other than NOTSET has been set using setLevel(), it is returned. Otherwise, the hierarchy is traversed towards the root until a value other than NOTSET is found, and that value is returned.

debug( msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])

Logs a message with level DEBUG on this logger. The msg is the message format string, and the args are the arguments which are merged into msg using the string formatting operator. (Note that this means that you can use keywords in the format string, together with a single dictionary argument.)

There are two keyword arguments in kwargs which are inspected: exc_info which, if it does not evaluate as false, causes exception information to be added to the logging message. If an exception tuple (in the format returned by sys.exc_info()) is provided, it is used; otherwise, sys.exc_info() is called to get the exception information.

The other optional keyword argument is extra which can be used to pass a dictionary which is used to populate the __dict__ of the LogRecord created for the logging event with user-defined attributes. These custom attributes can then be used as you like. For example, they could be incorporated into logged messages. For example:

 FORMAT = "%(asctime)-15s %(clientip)s %(user)-8s %(message)s"
 logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT)
 dict = { 'clientip' : '192.168.0.1', 'user' : 'fbloggs' }
 logger = logging.getLogger("tcpserver")
 logger.warning("Protocol problem: %s", "connection reset", extra=d)

would print something like

2006-02-08 22:20:02,165 192.168.0.1 fbloggs  Protocol problem: connection reset

The keys in the dictionary passed in extra should not clash with the keys used by the logging system. (See the Formatter documentation for more information on which keys are used by the logging system.)

If you choose to use these attributes in logged messages, you need to exercise some care. In the above example, for instance, the Formatter has been set up with a format string which expects 'clientip' and 'user' in the attribute dictionary of the LogRecord. If these are missing, the message will not be logged because a string formatting exception will occur. So in this case, you always need to pass the extra dictionary with these keys.

While this might be annoying, this feature is intended for use in specialized circumstances, such as multi-threaded servers where the same code executes in many contexts, and interesting conditions which arise are dependent on this context (such as remote client IP address and authenticated user name, in the above example). In such circumstances, it is likely that specialized Formatters would be used with particular Handlers.

Changed in version 2.5: extra was added.

info( msg[, *args[, **kwargs]]): Logs a message with level INFO on this logger. The arguments are interpreted as for debug().

warning( msg[, *args[, **kwargs]]): Logs a message with level WARNING on this logger. The arguments are interpreted as for debug().

error( msg[, *args[, **kwargs]]): Logs a message with level ERROR on this logger. The arguments are interpreted as for debug().

critical( msg[, *args[, **kwargs]]): Logs a message with level CRITICAL on this logger. The arguments are interpreted as for debug().

log( lvl, msg[, *args[, **kwargs]]): Logs a message with integer level lvl on this logger. The other arguments are interpreted as for debug().

exception( msg[, *args]): Logs a message with level ERROR on this logger. The arguments are interpreted as for debug(). Exception info is added to the logging message. This method should only be called from an exception handler.

addFilter( filt): Adds the specified filter filt to this logger.

removeFilter( filt): Removes the specified filter filt from this logger.

filter( record): Applies this logger's filters to the record and returns a true value if the record is to be processed.

addHandler( hdlr): Adds the specified handler hdlr to this logger.

removeHandler( hdlr): Removes the specified handler hdlr from this logger.

findCaller( ): Finds the caller's source filename and line number. Returns the filename and line number as a 2-element tuple.

handle( record): Handles a record by passing it to all handlers associated with this logger and its ancestors (until a false value of propagate is found). This method is used for unpickled records received from a socket, as well as those created locally. Logger-level filtering is applied using filter().

makeRecord( name, lvl, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra): This is a factory method which can be overridden in subclasses to create specialized LogRecord instances. Changed in version 2.5: func and extra were added.

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