Quadrature Modulated (QM) Waveform, Practical
In a quadrature modulated (QM) system, the QM practical waveform differs from the QM ideal waveform. A generalized adjusted QM waveform can be expressed as
where
I/Q is the I/Q gain imbalance
ΔI is the in-phase DC offset
ΔQ is the quadrature DC offset
φ is the quadrature error