7.4. 双向关联(Bidirectional associations)

HIBERNATE

7.4. 双向关联(Bidirectional associations)

7.4.1. 一对多(one to many) / 多对一(many to one)

双向多对一关联 是最常见的关联关系。(这也是标准的父/子关联关系。)

<class name="Person">
    <id name="id" column="personId">
        <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
    <many-to-one name="address" 
        column="addressId"
        not-null="true"/>
</class>

<class name="Address">
    <id name="id" column="addressId">
        <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
    <set name="people" inverse="true">
        <key column="addressId"/>
        <one-to-many class="Person"/>
    </set>
</class>
create table Person ( personId bigint not null primary key, addressId bigint not null )
create table Address ( addressId bigint not null primary key )
        

如果你使用List(或者其他有序集合类),你需要设置外键对应的key列为 not null,让Hibernate来从集合端管理关联,维护每个元素的索引(通过设置update="false" and insert="false"来对另一端反向操作)。

<class name="Person">
   <id name="id"/>
   ...
   <many-to-one name="address"
      column="addressId"
      not-null="true"
      insert="false"
      update="false"/>
</class>

<class name="Address">
   <id name="id"/>
   ...
   <list name="people">
      <key column="addressId" not-null="true"/>
      <list-index column="peopleIdx"/>
      <one-to-many class="Person"/>
   </list>
</class>

假若集合映射的<key>元素对应的底层外键字段是NOT NULL的,那么为这一key元素定义not-null="true"是很重要的。不要仅仅为可能的嵌套<column>元素定义not-null="true"<key>元素也是需要的。

7.4.2. 一对一(one to one)

基于外键关联的双向一对一关联也很常见。

<class name="Person">
    <id name="id" column="personId">
        <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
    <many-to-one name="address" 
        column="addressId" 
        unique="true"
        not-null="true"/>
</class>

<class name="Address">
    <id name="id" column="addressId">
        <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
   <one-to-one name="person" 
        property-ref="address"/>
</class>
create table Person ( personId bigint not null primary key, addressId bigint not null unique )
create table Address ( addressId bigint not null primary key )
        

基于主键关联的一对一关联需要使用特定的id生成器。

<class name="Person">
    <id name="id" column="personId">
        <generator class="native"/>
    </id>
    <one-to-one name="address"/>
</class>

<class name="Address">
    <id name="id" column="personId">
        <generator class="foreign">
            <param name="property">person</param>
        </generator>
    </id>
    <one-to-one name="person" 
        constrained="true"/>
</class>
create table Person ( personId bigint not null primary key )
create table Address ( personId bigint not null primary key )