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Reference

Visual Database Tools

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Visual Database Tools

Reference

The following reference topics are available for the Visual Database Tools:

  • Rules for Updating Query Results
  • Navigating in the Query Designer

  • Comparison Operators

  • Logical Operators

  • Wildcard Characters

  • Rules and Grid-Pane Conventions for Combining Search Conditions

  • Rules for Entering Search Values

  • Aggregate Functions

  • Structure of Expressions

  • Properties Pages

  • Dialog Boxes

  • Visual Database Tools and SQL Server Databases

  • Error Messages

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Table of contents

  • Visual Database Tools Usage Considerations
  • Visual Database Tools and SQL Server Databases
    • Database Designer Considerations for SQL Server Databases
    • Query Designer Considerations for SQL Server Databases
  • Database Development and Visual Database Tools
    • Database Designer
    • Table Designer
    • Interactions Among Database Diagrams and Table Design Windows
    • Database Objects
      • Uniqueness of Database Object Names
      • Tables
      • Columns
        • Column Properties
      • Keys
      • Table Relationships
      • Indexes
      • Constraints
        • Check Constraints
        • Default Constraints
        • Unique Constraints
        • Primary Key Constraints
        • Foreign Key Constraints
      • Triggers
      • Stored Procedures
      • User-Defined Functions
    • Large Database Projects
      • Multiuser Database Design
      • Multiuser Environments
        • Ownership of Database Objects
        • Diagrams Affected by Another User's Changes
        • Database Objects Deleted by Another User
      • Issues of Database Evolution
      • Development, Test, and Production Databases
  • Database Queries and Visual Database Tools
    • Query and View Designer Layout
      • Diagram Pane
      • Grid Pane
      • SQL Pane
      • Results Pane
      • How the Query Designer Represents Joins
    • Queries and Views
    • Comparison of Queries and Views
    • Indexed Views
    • Interactions Among Query and View Designer Windows
    • Interaction Between the Results Pane and the Database
    • Supported Query Types
    • Structure of Retrieval Queries
      • Including or Excluding Rows
      • Including or Excluding Columns
      • Combining Tables
        • Types of Joins
        • Join Columns
        • Join Comparison Operators
        • Join Tables
      • Collapsing Groups of Rows
      • Using a Table Twice in One Query
      • Using Something Else in Place of a Table
      • Sorting Rows
    • Expressions in Queries
    • Parameter Queries
    • Summary and Grouping Behavior in the Query Designer
    • Using the Query Designer with International Data
  • Developing Database Structure
    • Working with Databases
      • Saving Selected Tables on a Diagram
      • Saving an Entire Database Diagram
      • Saving Your Work in Table Designer
      • Discarding Modifications Made in Database Designer or Table Designer
      • Reconciling a Database Diagram with a Modified Database
    • Working with Tables
      • Adding Tables to a Diagram
      • Removing a Table from a Database Diagram
      • Deleting a Table from a Database Diagram and the Database
      • Renaming a Table
      • Duplicating a Table
      • Copying a Table Across Database Diagrams
      • Changing a Table View in a Database Diagram
      • Changing Which Properties Appear
      • Moving Columns from One Table to Another
      • Resizing Property Columns
    • Working with Columns
      • Inserting Columns into a Table
      • Copying Columns from One Table to Another
      • Deleting Columns from a Table
      • Setting Column Properties
      • Renaming a Column
    • Working with Relationships
      • Creating a Relationship Between Tables
      • Enforcing Referential Integrity Between Tables
      • Drawing a Reflexive Relationship
      • Deleting a Relationship
      • Renaming a Relationship
      • Checking Existing Data when Creating a Relationship
      • Mapping Many-to-Many Relationships to a Database Diagram
    • Working with Indexes
      • Creating an Index
      • Creating a Unique Index
      • Creating a Clustered Index
      • Renaming an Index
      • Deleting an Index
      • Saving, Displaying, and Updating an Index Definition
      • Specifying a Fill Factor for an Index
    • Working with Keys
      • Defining a Primary Key
      • Modifying a Primary Key
      • Deleting a Primary Key Constraint
      • Modifying a Foreign Key
      • Viewing Foreign Key Attributes
      • Disabling a Foreign Key Constraint for Replication
      • Disabling a Foreign Key Constraint with INSERT and UPDATE Statements
      • Deleting a Foreign Key Constraint
      • Copying Column Properties to a Foreign Key Column
    • Working with Constraints
      • Attaching a New Check Constraint to a Table or Column
      • Defining a Check Constraint Expression
      • Checking Existing Data When Creating a Check Constraint
      • Disabling a Check Constraint for Replication
      • Disabling a Check Constraint with INSERT and UPDATE Statements
      • Modifying a Check Constraint
      • Deleting a Check Constraint
      • Creating a Unique Constraint
      • Modifying a Unique Constraint
      • Deleting a Unique Constraint
    • Working with User-Defined Functions
    • Working with Scripts
      • Saving a Change Script
  • Designing Data Retrieval and Manipulation
    • Designing Queries
      • Performing Basic Operations with Queries
        • Creating a Query
        • Adding Tables
        • Removing Tables
        • Adding Columns
        • Removing Columns from Query Output
        • Removing Columns from the Query
        • Reordering Output Columns
        • Creating Column Aliases
        • Creating Table Aliases
        • Verifying a Query
        • Commenting a Query
        • Executing a Query
        • Stopping a Query
        • Clearing Query Results
        • Printing Query Results
        • Ordering Query Results
      • Creating Queries
      • Specifying Search Criteria
        • Specifying Search Conditions
        • Selecting Rows that Do Not Match a Value
        • Specifying Multiple Search Conditions for One Column
        • Specifying Multiple Search Conditions for Multiple Columns
        • Combining Conditions when AND Has Precedence
        • Combining Conditions when OR Has Precedence
      • Creating Subqueries
      • Using Expressions in a Query
      • Including User-Defined Functions in a Query
      • Querying on Groups of Rows
        • Excluding Duplicate Rows
        • Grouping Rows in Query Results
        • Counting Rows in a Table
        • Summarizing or Aggregating Values for All Rows in a Table
        • Summarizing or Aggregating Values Using Custom Expressions
        • Specifying Conditions for Groups
        • Using HAVING and WHERE Clauses in the Same Query
      • Querying Using Multiple Tables
        • Joining Tables Automatically
        • Joining Tables Manually
        • Joining Tables on Multiple Columns
        • Modifying Join Operators
        • Creating Outer Joins
        • Creating Self-Joins Automatically
        • Creating Self-Joins Manually
        • Removing Joins
    • Manipulating Data
      • Editing Rows in the Results Pane
      • Adding New Rows in the Results Pane
      • Deleting Rows in the Results Pane
      • Creating Update Queries
      • Creating Insert From Queries
      • Creating Delete Queries
      • Creating Insert Into Queries
      • Creating Make Table Queries
      • Creating General Purpose Queries
        • Creating a Query with Unnamed Parameters
        • Creating a Query with Named Parameters
        • Specifying Parameter Marker Characters
    • Working With Views
      • Creating Views
      • Creating Indexed Views
      • Modifying Indexed Views
      • Encrypting Views
  • Reference
    • Rules for Updating Results
    • Navigating in the Query Designer
    • Comparison Operators
    • Logical Operators
    • Wildcard Characters
    • Rules and Grid-Pane Conventions for Combining Search Conditions
    • Rules for Entering Search Values
    • Aggregate Functions
    • Structure of Expressions
    • Operators for Expressions
    • Functions for Expressions
    • Predefined Variables for Expressions
  • Dialog Boxes
    • Database Designer Dialog Boxes
      • Add Table Dialog Box
      • Choose Name Dialog Box
      • Create Relationship Dialog Box
      • Column Selection Dialog Box
      • Database Changes Detected Dialog Box
      • Datatype Change Required Dialog Box
      • Define Column Collation Dialog Box
      • Page Setup Dialog Box
      • Save Change Script Dialog Box
      • Save Dialog Box
      • Save Incomplete Dialog Box
      • Unsaved Changes Exist Dialog Box
      • Validation Warnings Dialog Box
    • Query Designer Dialog Boxes
      • Add Table Dialog Box (Query and View Designers)
      • Database Changes Detected Dialog Box
      • Define Query Parameters Dialog Box
      • Delete Table Dialog Box
      • Go To Row Dialog Box
      • Indexes Dialog Box
      • Choose Table for INSERT FROM Query Dialog Box
      • Insert Into Dialog Box
      • Make Table Dialog Box
      • Query Definitions Differ Dialog Box
      • Returning Query Results (Edit) Dialog Box
      • Returning Query Results Dialog Box
      • SQL Syntax Errors Encountered Dialog Box
      • Update Table Dialog Box
  • Properties Pages
    • Database Designer Properties Pages
      • Columns Property Page
      • Check Constraints Property Page
      • Indexes/Keys Property Page
      • Relationships Property Page
      • Tables Property Page
    • Query Designer Properties Pages
      • Query Tab, Properties Window (Query Designer)
      • Query Tab, Properties Window (View Designer)
      • Data Source Tab, Properties Window
      • Function Parameters Tab, Properties Window
      • Parameters Tab, Properties Window
      • Join Line Tab, Properties Window
  • Error Messages
    • Database Designer Troubleshooting Errors
      • A pair of matching columns is required to create a relationship.
      • A primary key can't be created on column '<0s>' because it allows null values.
      • A primary key or index cannot be created on columns with a datatype of <0s>.
      • A primary key or index cannot have more than <0d> columns.
      • A primary key or UNIQUE constraint must be defined for table '<0s>' before it can participate in a relationship.
      • A relationship cannot contain more than '<0d>' columns.
      • An index already exists for table '<0s>' with the columns '<1s>'.
      • An index can't exist on a blank column.
      • Are you sure you want to delete the current selection from your database?
      • Are you sure you want to permanently delete table '<0s>' from your database?
      • Are you sure you want to permanently delete the selected tables from your database?
      • Are you sure you want to remove the selected table from the diagram?
      • Are you sure you want to remove the selected tables from the diagram?
      • Both sides of a relationship must have the same number of columns.
      • Column '<1s>' in table '<0s>' participates in index '<2s>'. Columns with a datatype of '<3s>' cannot participate in indexes or primary keys.
      • Editing this default will permanently unbind the named default.
      • Identity column '<0s>' in table '<1s>' must have a datatype of int, smallint, tinyint, decimal or numeric with scale of 0.
      • Invalid name. You must provide a name for this object.
      • ODBC error: <0s>
      • One or more selected tables are already on the diagram.
      • Only one clustered index can be created on table '<0s>'.
      • Only one ROWGUID column is allowed per table.
      • Relationship '<0s>' was modified or deleted since the diagram was loaded.
      • Table <0s> already exists
      • Table '<0s>' is marked for deletion and was not added to the diagram.
      • Table '<0s>' no longer exists in the database.
      • The Allow Nulls property can't be set on a column that is part of the primary key.
      • The Allow Nulls property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it is an identity column.
      • The columns in table '<0s>' do not match an existing enabled primary key or UNIQUE constraint.
      • The columns in table '<0s>' do not match an existing primary key or UNIQUE constraint.
      • The datatype of column '<1s>' in the '<0s>' table can't be changed because it participates in index '<2s>'.
      • The datatype or size property of '<0s>.<1s>' doesn't match '<2s>.<3s>'.
      • The Default Value property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it is an identity column.
      • The existing relationship must have at least one pair of related columns.
      • The Identity property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it allows null values.
      • The Identity property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it has a default value.
      • The number of selected columns exceeds the number of columns in the target table.
      • The primary key or UNIQUE constraint cannot be changed until its existing relationships are deleted.
      • The primary key or UNIQUE constraint cannot be changed while relationships to the existing primary key or UNIQUE constraint are enforced.
      • The total size of an index or primary key cannot exceed 256 bytes.
      • You are not logged in as the database owner or system administrator. You will not be able to save changes to tables that you do not own.
      • A blank constraint expression is not allowed
      • Are you sure you want to delete the selected relationship from your database?
      • Deleting the selected columns will also delete relationships
      • Do you want to save changes in this diagram?
      • Do you want to save changes in this table?
      • Database Designer Error
      • Internal Error.
      • The name is too long.
      • This backend version is not supported to design database diagrams or tables.
      • Changing the column to the selected data type will delete relationships.
      • Adding a formula to the selected column will delete all indexes and relationships it participates in.
      • Removing the formula from the selected column leaves it with data type that cannot be indexed.
      • Changing the column to the selected data type will delete its indexes.
      • Enlarging a column results in a too-large index.
      • Adding a formula to the selected column will delete all relationships it participates in as a foreign key.
      • Error validating the formula for column.
      • Column has no name and will be deleted.
      • Primary key or index cannot be created on column '<0s>' because its data type is '<1s>'.
      • Primary key or index cannot be created on a column with no name.
      • You entered <0d> characters for '<1s>'. The maximum number of characters allowed is <2d>.
      • Values for '<0s>' must lie within the range <1d> to <2d>.
      • Table '<0s>' has no columns.
      • Default Value property cannot be set on column '<0s>' because it is a computed column.
      • Column '<0s>' is a computed column, and cannot participate in indexes or relationships.
      • Column '<0s>' is a computed column, and cannot contribute to foreign keys.
      • The index used to enforce the full-text key for this table will be deleted. Do you want to proceed?
      • Column '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be <2d> bytes or less.
      • Column '<0s>' participates in full-text indexing on table '<1s>'. After this change, the column will no longer participate in the table's full-text index.
      • The following error was encountered while changing the collation: <0s>.
      • Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must not be null.
      • Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be single-column.
      • Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be unique.
      • Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be <2d> bytes or less.
      • The identity increment must be a positive number containing <0d> digits or less.
      • Identity seed must be a positive number containing <0d> digits or less.
      • The table must have at least one column that is not computed.
      • The new relationship must have at least one pair of related columns.
      • The collation properties of columns <0s> and <1s> do not match.
      • Select both primary key table and foreign key table before selecting any field for the relationship.
      • Your Logon does not have CREATE TABLE permission; you might not be able to make certain edits that require this permission.
      • Setting for Length must be from <0d> to <1d>.
      • Setting for Precision must be from <0d> to <1d>.
      • Setting for Scale must be from <0d> to <1d>.
      • Property cannot be modified.
      • A diagram with that name already exists in the database.
      • Another user modified this diagram while you were working on it.
      • The table being loaded into memory has a user-defined data type that is not recognized.
      • Your diagram will be updated with the following changes to match the database before the following tables can be loaded.
      • Your table will be updated with the following changes to match the database.
      • The following schema-bound objects will be modified.
      • Column is the full-text filter for columns that participate in full-text indexing on a table.
    • Query Designer Troubleshooting Errors
      • (+) operator ignored.
      • (+) table reference cannot be joined with more than one table.
      • <0s> in expression is not part of the query.
      • The Query Designer does not support the <0s> SQL construct.
      • <0s> cannot be used in this query type.
      • <0s> support not available in this server version.
      • A number of rows were affected.
      • Ambiguous outer join (+) operator.
      • Appropriate SQL cannot be generated.
      • You are about to delete a row or rows.
      • Bad top value.
      • Cannot put expression on select list.
      • Cannot assign alias to this field.
      • Cannot convert entry to valid date/time.
      • Cannot convert to proper type.
      • Cannot delete rows with unknown keys.
      • Cannot edit rows with unknown keys.
      • Cannot edit this cell.
      • Cannot filter this expression.
      • Cannot insert into this expression.
      • Cannot open encrypted <0s> <1s>.
      • Cannot update this expression.
      • Cannot use column whose data type is IMAGE or TEXT in this context.
      • Cannot use LONG data type in this context.
      • Column list not supported for Make Table query.
      • Column with (+) operator does not reference a valid table.
      • Data source alias is read only.
      • Data source base name is read only.
      • Data type error in expression.
      • Data type mismatch - no conversion possible.
      • Data type mismatch - use the CONVERT function.
      • DELETE statement conflicted with COLUMN REFERENCE constraint.
      • Do you want to suppress further error messages telling you why records can't be pasted?
      • Error after function '<0s>'
      • Error after predicate near '<0s>'
      • Error before EXISTS clause.
      • Error before EXISTS clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error before FROM clause.
      • Error following UNION operator.
      • Error in column list.
      • Error in column list: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in destination table specification.
      • Error in FROM clause near '<0s>'
      • Error in GROUP BY clause.
      • Error in GROUP BY clause near '<0s>'.
      • Error in HAVING clause.
      • Error in HAVING clause near '<0s>'.
      • Error in INSERT statement.
      • Error in INSERT statement: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in join expression.
      • Error in join expression: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in list of function arguments: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in list of values.
      • Error in list of values in IN clause.
      • Error in list of values in IN clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in list of values: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in ON clause near '<0s>'.
      • Error in optional FROM clause.
      • Error in ORDER BY clause.
      • Error in ORDER BY clause near '<0s>'.
      • Error in SELECT clause: alias '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in SELECT clause: alias not recognized.
      • Error in SELECT clause: expression near '<0s>'.
      • Error in set list in UPDATE clause.
      • Error in table name or view name in DELETE clause.
      • Error in table name or view name in DELETE clause: <0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in table name or view name in INSERT clause.
      • Error in table name or view name in INSERT clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in table name or view name in UPDATE clause.
      • Error in text following query statement: '<0s>'.
      • Error in values list in INSERT INTO clause.
      • Error in values list in INSERT INTO clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • Error in WHERE clause near '<0s>'.
      • Function argument count error.
      • Ignoring illegal use of ALL.
      • Ignoring ODBC syntax.
      • Illegal use of expression list.
      • Illegal sequence use.
      • Illegal use of outer join operator.
      • Incomplete column list.
      • Incomplete SET clause.
      • Incomplete VALUES list.
      • Invalid entries must be resolved before you can exit this pane.
      • Invalid escape character.
      • Invalid identifier '<0s>'.
      • Invalid or missing expression.
      • Invalid or missing expression near '<0s>'.
      • Invalid prefix or suffix characters.
      • Invalid row index: Goto failed.
      • Invalid text or symbol.
      • Invalid view name.
      • Missing escape character in LIKE predicate.
      • Missing FROM clause.
      • Missing FROM clause near '<0s>'.
      • Missing FROM keyword.
      • Missing FROM keyword near '<0s>'.
      • Missing INTO keyword.
      • Missing INTO keyword near '<0s>'.
      • Missing or incomplete SELECT clause.
      • Missing pattern in LIKE predicate.
      • Missing SET keyword.
      • Missing subquery.
      • Missing subquery correlation name.
      • Missing subquery or the operator you entered requires parenthesis.
      • Must enter either TRUE or FALSE.
      • Outer join column may not be used with an IN predicate or subquery.
      • Query Designer cannot open this query file.
      • Query has executed successfully.
      • Row limit value should be between <xxx> and <xxx>.
      • SQL statement could not be parsed.
      • The SQL syntax has been verified against the data source.
      • Syntax error in table reference.
      • Syntax error in table reference: '<0s>' not recognized.
      • ODBC driver returned an invalid ODBC version and needs to be updated.
      • Use of GROUP BY function in WHERE clause not allowed.
      • The NOT keyword may not be used in a column cell.
      • ORDER BY not supported for CREATE TABLE query.
      • Outer join operator (+) not allowed as OR operand.
      • Outer join operator (+) not allowed in the grid pane.
      • The query cannot be executed because some files are missing or not registered.
      • The Query Designer does not support the critical ODBC APIs.
      • The Query Designer does not support the current ODBC API.
      • Query Designer supports no more than 1 table for this type of query.
      • The specified OR group number is already in use.
      • The value you entered is not consistent with the data type or length of the column.
      • There are not enough columns in the subquery select list.
      • There are not enough columns to match the value list.
      • There are no columns selected. Please select one or more columns and re-run the query
      • There is no unique table in this query.
      • ALIAS name is already being used.
      • This cell contains the text string "<NULL>" which may not be processed correctly.
      • IS operator can only be used with NULL or NOT NULL.
      • This operator cannot be used with columns with data type "uniqueidentifier".
      • Table is not in the query definition.
      • Too many characters for field width.
      • Unable to locate data source.
      • Unable to parse expression.
      • Unable to parse query text.
      • Unable to parse statement.
      • Unknown column.
      • Unknown conversion specification.
      • Use of CONVERT function might be unnecessary.
      • SQL text cannot be represented in the grid pane and diagram pane.
      • View already exists in the database.
      • You might not have permission to perform this operation, or the object <0s> might no longer exist in the database.
      • Link server object cannot be used as a destination with this query type.
      • ALL cannot be used with CUBE or ROLLUP.
      • OpenRowset cannot be used as a destination with this query type.
      • Enter an expression in the Column cell first.
      • Your entry cannot be converted to a valid date time value.
      • Query Designer Error.
      • The alias name is too long.
      • Poorly formed comment.
      • An expression cannot be used as a parameter value.
      • Incomplete parameters or column list.
      • Incomplete parameters list.
      • Warning: Modification can result in a view that cannot be indexed.
      • Warning: It is likely that the view definition will result in a view that cannot be indexed.
      • Index already exists.
      • Unquoted alias contains white space.
      • If you save the view encrypted, you will no longer be able to alter the view definition.
      • View has indexes. If you remove schema binding, the indexes will be dropped.
      • Edits not allowed. Having clause not allowed in an Indexed View.
      • Database Server Version Runtime Error.
      • SQL Verify failed.
      • Malformed Cast Function.
      • Illegal use of collation clause.
      • Columns in this expression have incompatible collations.
      • Collate clause may not be used in an indexed view.
      • Asterisk (*) may not be used in an indexed view.
      • Index must have at least one column.
      • Invalid fill factor; enter an integer between 0 and 100.
      • Indexed View must contain a clustered index.
      • The table-valued function used as target is not an in-line function.
      • WITH TIES clause requires an ORDER BY clause.
      • There are too many values from the sub-query select list.
      • NOT cannot be used in a column cell.
      • View definition includes no output columns or not items in the FROM clause.
      • You cannot create a view which is self-referenced.
      • This SQL statement type cannot be used in a view.
      • Query or View has been modified. Save changes before closing?
      • Query or View already exists. Do you want to overwrite it?
      • You are about to paste n rows.
      • Rows pasted.
      • Column cannot be updated.
      • The database row you are modifying no longer exists in the database.
      • Too many or too few parameters specified.
      • View name cannot begin with #.
      • Table name cannot include the double-quote character.

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