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Table of contents
Visual Database Tools Usage Considerations
Visual Database Tools and SQL Server Databases
Database Designer Considerations for SQL Server Databases
Query Designer Considerations for SQL Server Databases
Database Development and Visual Database Tools
Database Designer
Table Designer
Interactions Among Database Diagrams and Table Design Windows
Database Objects
Uniqueness of Database Object Names
Tables
Columns
Column Properties
Keys
Table Relationships
Indexes
Constraints
Check Constraints
Default Constraints
Unique Constraints
Primary Key Constraints
Foreign Key Constraints
Triggers
Stored Procedures
User-Defined Functions
Large Database Projects
Multiuser Database Design
Multiuser Environments
Ownership of Database Objects
Diagrams Affected by Another User's Changes
Database Objects Deleted by Another User
Issues of Database Evolution
Development, Test, and Production Databases
Database Queries and Visual Database Tools
Query and View Designer Layout
Diagram Pane
Grid Pane
SQL Pane
Results Pane
How the Query Designer Represents Joins
Queries and Views
Comparison of Queries and Views
Indexed Views
Interactions Among Query and View Designer Windows
Interaction Between the Results Pane and the Database
Supported Query Types
Structure of Retrieval Queries
Including or Excluding Rows
Including or Excluding Columns
Combining Tables
Types of Joins
Join Columns
Join Comparison Operators
Join Tables
Collapsing Groups of Rows
Using a Table Twice in One Query
Using Something Else in Place of a Table
Sorting Rows
Expressions in Queries
Parameter Queries
Summary and Grouping Behavior in the Query Designer
Using the Query Designer with International Data
Developing Database Structure
Working with Databases
Saving Selected Tables on a Diagram
Saving an Entire Database Diagram
Saving Your Work in Table Designer
Discarding Modifications Made in Database Designer or Table Designer
Reconciling a Database Diagram with a Modified Database
Working with Tables
Adding Tables to a Diagram
Removing a Table from a Database Diagram
Deleting a Table from a Database Diagram and the Database
Renaming a Table
Duplicating a Table
Copying a Table Across Database Diagrams
Changing a Table View in a Database Diagram
Changing Which Properties Appear
Moving Columns from One Table to Another
Resizing Property Columns
Working with Columns
Inserting Columns into a Table
Copying Columns from One Table to Another
Deleting Columns from a Table
Setting Column Properties
Renaming a Column
Working with Relationships
Creating a Relationship Between Tables
Enforcing Referential Integrity Between Tables
Drawing a Reflexive Relationship
Deleting a Relationship
Renaming a Relationship
Checking Existing Data when Creating a Relationship
Mapping Many-to-Many Relationships to a Database Diagram
Working with Indexes
Creating an Index
Creating a Unique Index
Creating a Clustered Index
Renaming an Index
Deleting an Index
Saving, Displaying, and Updating an Index Definition
Specifying a Fill Factor for an Index
Working with Keys
Defining a Primary Key
Modifying a Primary Key
Deleting a Primary Key Constraint
Modifying a Foreign Key
Viewing Foreign Key Attributes
Disabling a Foreign Key Constraint for Replication
Disabling a Foreign Key Constraint with INSERT and UPDATE Statements
Deleting a Foreign Key Constraint
Copying Column Properties to a Foreign Key Column
Working with Constraints
Attaching a New Check Constraint to a Table or Column
Defining a Check Constraint Expression
Checking Existing Data When Creating a Check Constraint
Disabling a Check Constraint for Replication
Disabling a Check Constraint with INSERT and UPDATE Statements
Modifying a Check Constraint
Deleting a Check Constraint
Creating a Unique Constraint
Modifying a Unique Constraint
Deleting a Unique Constraint
Working with User-Defined Functions
Working with Scripts
Saving a Change Script
Designing Data Retrieval and Manipulation
Designing Queries
Performing Basic Operations with Queries
Creating a Query
Adding Tables
Removing Tables
Adding Columns
Removing Columns from Query Output
Removing Columns from the Query
Reordering Output Columns
Creating Column Aliases
Creating Table Aliases
Verifying a Query
Commenting a Query
Executing a Query
Stopping a Query
Clearing Query Results
Printing Query Results
Ordering Query Results
Creating Queries
Specifying Search Criteria
Specifying Search Conditions
Selecting Rows that Do Not Match a Value
Specifying Multiple Search Conditions for One Column
Specifying Multiple Search Conditions for Multiple Columns
Combining Conditions when AND Has Precedence
Combining Conditions when OR Has Precedence
Creating Subqueries
Using Expressions in a Query
Including User-Defined Functions in a Query
Querying on Groups of Rows
Excluding Duplicate Rows
Grouping Rows in Query Results
Counting Rows in a Table
Summarizing or Aggregating Values for All Rows in a Table
Summarizing or Aggregating Values Using Custom Expressions
Specifying Conditions for Groups
Using HAVING and WHERE Clauses in the Same Query
Querying Using Multiple Tables
Joining Tables Automatically
Joining Tables Manually
Joining Tables on Multiple Columns
Modifying Join Operators
Creating Outer Joins
Creating Self-Joins Automatically
Creating Self-Joins Manually
Removing Joins
Manipulating Data
Editing Rows in the Results Pane
Adding New Rows in the Results Pane
Deleting Rows in the Results Pane
Creating Update Queries
Creating Insert From Queries
Creating Delete Queries
Creating Insert Into Queries
Creating Make Table Queries
Creating General Purpose Queries
Creating a Query with Unnamed Parameters
Creating a Query with Named Parameters
Specifying Parameter Marker Characters
Working With Views
Creating Views
Creating Indexed Views
Modifying Indexed Views
Encrypting Views
Reference
Rules for Updating Results
Navigating in the Query Designer
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Wildcard Characters
Rules and Grid-Pane Conventions for Combining Search Conditions
Rules for Entering Search Values
Aggregate Functions
Structure of Expressions
Operators for Expressions
Functions for Expressions
Predefined Variables for Expressions
Dialog Boxes
Database Designer Dialog Boxes
Add Table Dialog Box
Choose Name Dialog Box
Create Relationship Dialog Box
Column Selection Dialog Box
Database Changes Detected Dialog Box
Datatype Change Required Dialog Box
Define Column Collation Dialog Box
Page Setup Dialog Box
Save Change Script Dialog Box
Save Dialog Box
Save Incomplete Dialog Box
Unsaved Changes Exist Dialog Box
Validation Warnings Dialog Box
Query Designer Dialog Boxes
Add Table Dialog Box (Query and View Designers)
Database Changes Detected Dialog Box
Define Query Parameters Dialog Box
Delete Table Dialog Box
Go To Row Dialog Box
Indexes Dialog Box
Choose Table for INSERT FROM Query Dialog Box
Insert Into Dialog Box
Make Table Dialog Box
Query Definitions Differ Dialog Box
Returning Query Results (Edit) Dialog Box
Returning Query Results Dialog Box
SQL Syntax Errors Encountered Dialog Box
Update Table Dialog Box
Properties Pages
Database Designer Properties Pages
Columns Property Page
Check Constraints Property Page
Indexes/Keys Property Page
Relationships Property Page
Tables Property Page
Query Designer Properties Pages
Query Tab, Properties Window (Query Designer)
Query Tab, Properties Window (View Designer)
Data Source Tab, Properties Window
Function Parameters Tab, Properties Window
Parameters Tab, Properties Window
Join Line Tab, Properties Window
Error Messages
Database Designer Troubleshooting Errors
A pair of matching columns is required to create a relationship.
A primary key can't be created on column '<0s>' because it allows null values.
A primary key or index cannot be created on columns with a datatype of <0s>.
A primary key or index cannot have more than <0d> columns.
A primary key or UNIQUE constraint must be defined for table '<0s>' before it can participate in a relationship.
A relationship cannot contain more than '<0d>' columns.
An index already exists for table '<0s>' with the columns '<1s>'.
An index can't exist on a blank column.
Are you sure you want to delete the current selection from your database?
Are you sure you want to permanently delete table '<0s>' from your database?
Are you sure you want to permanently delete the selected tables from your database?
Are you sure you want to remove the selected table from the diagram?
Are you sure you want to remove the selected tables from the diagram?
Both sides of a relationship must have the same number of columns.
Column '<1s>' in table '<0s>' participates in index '<2s>'. Columns with a datatype of '<3s>' cannot participate in indexes or primary keys.
Editing this default will permanently unbind the named default.
Identity column '<0s>' in table '<1s>' must have a datatype of int, smallint, tinyint, decimal or numeric with scale of 0.
Invalid name. You must provide a name for this object.
ODBC error: <0s>
One or more selected tables are already on the diagram.
Only one clustered index can be created on table '<0s>'.
Only one ROWGUID column is allowed per table.
Relationship '<0s>' was modified or deleted since the diagram was loaded.
Table <0s> already exists
Table '<0s>' is marked for deletion and was not added to the diagram.
Table '<0s>' no longer exists in the database.
The Allow Nulls property can't be set on a column that is part of the primary key.
The Allow Nulls property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it is an identity column.
The columns in table '<0s>' do not match an existing enabled primary key or UNIQUE constraint.
The columns in table '<0s>' do not match an existing primary key or UNIQUE constraint.
The datatype of column '<1s>' in the '<0s>' table can't be changed because it participates in index '<2s>'.
The datatype or size property of '<0s>.<1s>' doesn't match '<2s>.<3s>'.
The Default Value property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it is an identity column.
The existing relationship must have at least one pair of related columns.
The Identity property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it allows null values.
The Identity property can't be set on column '<0s>' because it has a default value.
The number of selected columns exceeds the number of columns in the target table.
The primary key or UNIQUE constraint cannot be changed until its existing relationships are deleted.
The primary key or UNIQUE constraint cannot be changed while relationships to the existing primary key or UNIQUE constraint are enforced.
The total size of an index or primary key cannot exceed 256 bytes.
You are not logged in as the database owner or system administrator. You will not be able to save changes to tables that you do not own.
A blank constraint expression is not allowed
Are you sure you want to delete the selected relationship from your database?
Deleting the selected columns will also delete relationships
Do you want to save changes in this diagram?
Do you want to save changes in this table?
Database Designer Error
Internal Error.
The name is too long.
This backend version is not supported to design database diagrams or tables.
Changing the column to the selected data type will delete relationships.
Adding a formula to the selected column will delete all indexes and relationships it participates in.
Removing the formula from the selected column leaves it with data type that cannot be indexed.
Changing the column to the selected data type will delete its indexes.
Enlarging a column results in a too-large index.
Adding a formula to the selected column will delete all relationships it participates in as a foreign key.
Error validating the formula for column.
Column has no name and will be deleted.
Primary key or index cannot be created on column '<0s>' because its data type is '<1s>'.
Primary key or index cannot be created on a column with no name.
You entered <0d> characters for '<1s>'. The maximum number of characters allowed is <2d>.
Values for '<0s>' must lie within the range <1d> to <2d>.
Table '<0s>' has no columns.
Default Value property cannot be set on column '<0s>' because it is a computed column.
Column '<0s>' is a computed column, and cannot participate in indexes or relationships.
Column '<0s>' is a computed column, and cannot contribute to foreign keys.
The index used to enforce the full-text key for this table will be deleted. Do you want to proceed?
Column '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be <2d> bytes or less.
Column '<0s>' participates in full-text indexing on table '<1s>'. After this change, the column will no longer participate in the table's full-text index.
The following error was encountered while changing the collation: <0s>.
Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must not be null.
Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be single-column.
Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be unique.
Index '<0s>' is used to enforce the full-text key on table '<1s>' and must be <2d> bytes or less.
The identity increment must be a positive number containing <0d> digits or less.
Identity seed must be a positive number containing <0d> digits or less.
The table must have at least one column that is not computed.
The new relationship must have at least one pair of related columns.
The collation properties of columns <0s> and <1s> do not match.
Select both primary key table and foreign key table before selecting any field for the relationship.
Your Logon does not have CREATE TABLE permission; you might not be able to make certain edits that require this permission.
Setting for Length must be from <0d> to <1d>.
Setting for Precision must be from <0d> to <1d>.
Setting for Scale must be from <0d> to <1d>.
Property cannot be modified.
A diagram with that name already exists in the database.
Another user modified this diagram while you were working on it.
The table being loaded into memory has a user-defined data type that is not recognized.
Your diagram will be updated with the following changes to match the database before the following tables can be loaded.
Your table will be updated with the following changes to match the database.
The following schema-bound objects will be modified.
Column is the full-text filter for columns that participate in full-text indexing on a table.
Query Designer Troubleshooting Errors
(+) operator ignored.
(+) table reference cannot be joined with more than one table.
<0s> in expression is not part of the query.
The Query Designer does not support the <0s> SQL construct.
<0s> cannot be used in this query type.
<0s> support not available in this server version.
A number of rows were affected.
Ambiguous outer join (+) operator.
Appropriate SQL cannot be generated.
You are about to delete a row or rows.
Bad top value.
Cannot put expression on select list.
Cannot assign alias to this field.
Cannot convert entry to valid date/time.
Cannot convert to proper type.
Cannot delete rows with unknown keys.
Cannot edit rows with unknown keys.
Cannot edit this cell.
Cannot filter this expression.
Cannot insert into this expression.
Cannot open encrypted <0s> <1s>.
Cannot update this expression.
Cannot use column whose data type is IMAGE or TEXT in this context.
Cannot use LONG data type in this context.
Column list not supported for Make Table query.
Column with (+) operator does not reference a valid table.
Data source alias is read only.
Data source base name is read only.
Data type error in expression.
Data type mismatch - no conversion possible.
Data type mismatch - use the CONVERT function.
DELETE statement conflicted with COLUMN REFERENCE constraint.
Do you want to suppress further error messages telling you why records can't be pasted?
Error after function '<0s>'
Error after predicate near '<0s>'
Error before EXISTS clause.
Error before EXISTS clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error before FROM clause.
Error following UNION operator.
Error in column list.
Error in column list: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in destination table specification.
Error in FROM clause near '<0s>'
Error in GROUP BY clause.
Error in GROUP BY clause near '<0s>'.
Error in HAVING clause.
Error in HAVING clause near '<0s>'.
Error in INSERT statement.
Error in INSERT statement: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in join expression.
Error in join expression: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in list of function arguments: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in list of values.
Error in list of values in IN clause.
Error in list of values in IN clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in list of values: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in ON clause near '<0s>'.
Error in optional FROM clause.
Error in ORDER BY clause.
Error in ORDER BY clause near '<0s>'.
Error in SELECT clause: alias '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in SELECT clause: alias not recognized.
Error in SELECT clause: expression near '<0s>'.
Error in set list in UPDATE clause.
Error in table name or view name in DELETE clause.
Error in table name or view name in DELETE clause: <0s>' not recognized.
Error in table name or view name in INSERT clause.
Error in table name or view name in INSERT clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in table name or view name in UPDATE clause.
Error in text following query statement: '<0s>'.
Error in values list in INSERT INTO clause.
Error in values list in INSERT INTO clause: '<0s>' not recognized.
Error in WHERE clause near '<0s>'.
Function argument count error.
Ignoring illegal use of ALL.
Ignoring ODBC syntax.
Illegal use of expression list.
Illegal sequence use.
Illegal use of outer join operator.
Incomplete column list.
Incomplete SET clause.
Incomplete VALUES list.
Invalid entries must be resolved before you can exit this pane.
Invalid escape character.
Invalid identifier '<0s>'.
Invalid or missing expression.
Invalid or missing expression near '<0s>'.
Invalid prefix or suffix characters.
Invalid row index: Goto failed.
Invalid text or symbol.
Invalid view name.
Missing escape character in LIKE predicate.
Missing FROM clause.
Missing FROM clause near '<0s>'.
Missing FROM keyword.
Missing FROM keyword near '<0s>'.
Missing INTO keyword.
Missing INTO keyword near '<0s>'.
Missing or incomplete SELECT clause.
Missing pattern in LIKE predicate.
Missing SET keyword.
Missing subquery.
Missing subquery correlation name.
Missing subquery or the operator you entered requires parenthesis.
Must enter either TRUE or FALSE.
Outer join column may not be used with an IN predicate or subquery.
Query Designer cannot open this query file.
Query has executed successfully.
Row limit value should be between <xxx> and <xxx>.
SQL statement could not be parsed.
The SQL syntax has been verified against the data source.
Syntax error in table reference.
Syntax error in table reference: '<0s>' not recognized.
ODBC driver returned an invalid ODBC version and needs to be updated.
Use of GROUP BY function in WHERE clause not allowed.
The NOT keyword may not be used in a column cell.
ORDER BY not supported for CREATE TABLE query.
Outer join operator (+) not allowed as OR operand.
Outer join operator (+) not allowed in the grid pane.
The query cannot be executed because some files are missing or not registered.
The Query Designer does not support the critical ODBC APIs.
The Query Designer does not support the current ODBC API.
Query Designer supports no more than 1 table for this type of query.
The specified OR group number is already in use.
The value you entered is not consistent with the data type or length of the column.
There are not enough columns in the subquery select list.
There are not enough columns to match the value list.
There are no columns selected. Please select one or more columns and re-run the query
There is no unique table in this query.
ALIAS name is already being used.
This cell contains the text string "<NULL>" which may not be processed correctly.
IS operator can only be used with NULL or NOT NULL.
This operator cannot be used with columns with data type "uniqueidentifier".
Table is not in the query definition.
Too many characters for field width.
Unable to locate data source.
Unable to parse expression.
Unable to parse query text.
Unable to parse statement.
Unknown column.
Unknown conversion specification.
Use of CONVERT function might be unnecessary.
SQL text cannot be represented in the grid pane and diagram pane.
View already exists in the database.
You might not have permission to perform this operation, or the object <0s> might no longer exist in the database.
Link server object cannot be used as a destination with this query type.
ALL cannot be used with CUBE or ROLLUP.
OpenRowset cannot be used as a destination with this query type.
Enter an expression in the Column cell first.
Your entry cannot be converted to a valid date time value.
Query Designer Error.
The alias name is too long.
Poorly formed comment.
An expression cannot be used as a parameter value.
Incomplete parameters or column list.
Incomplete parameters list.
Warning: Modification can result in a view that cannot be indexed.
Warning: It is likely that the view definition will result in a view that cannot be indexed.
Index already exists.
Unquoted alias contains white space.
If you save the view encrypted, you will no longer be able to alter the view definition.
View has indexes. If you remove schema binding, the indexes will be dropped.
Edits not allowed. Having clause not allowed in an Indexed View.
Database Server Version Runtime Error.
SQL Verify failed.
Malformed Cast Function.
Illegal use of collation clause.
Columns in this expression have incompatible collations.
Collate clause may not be used in an indexed view.
Asterisk (*) may not be used in an indexed view.
Index must have at least one column.
Invalid fill factor; enter an integer between 0 and 100.
Indexed View must contain a clustered index.
The table-valued function used as target is not an in-line function.
WITH TIES clause requires an ORDER BY clause.
There are too many values from the sub-query select list.
NOT cannot be used in a column cell.
View definition includes no output columns or not items in the FROM clause.
You cannot create a view which is self-referenced.
This SQL statement type cannot be used in a view.
Query or View has been modified. Save changes before closing?
Query or View already exists. Do you want to overwrite it?
You are about to paste n rows.
Rows pasted.
Column cannot be updated.
The database row you are modifying no longer exists in the database.
Too many or too few parameters specified.
View name cannot begin with #.
Table name cannot include the double-quote character.
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