Language Keywords

Keywords Count : 49

• again
• and
• but
• bye
• call
• case
• catch
• changeringkeyword
• changeringoperator
• class
• def
• do
• done
• else
• elseif
• end
• exit
• for
• from
• func
• get
• give
• if
• import
• in
• load
• loadsyntax
• loop
• new
• next
• not
• off
• ok
• on
• or
• other
• package
• private
• put
• return
• see
• step
• switch
• to
• try
• while
• endfunc
• endclass
• endpackage

Language Functions

Functions Count : 199

len() add() del() sysget() clock() lower()
upper() input() ascii() char() date() time()
filename() getchar() system() random() timelist() adddays()
diffdays() version() clockspersecond() prevfilename() swap() shutdown()
isstring() isnumber() islist() type() isnull() isobject()
hex() dec() number() string() str2hex() hex2str()
str2list() list2str() str2hexcstyle() left() right() trim()
copy() substr() lines() strcmp() eval() raise()
assert() isalnum() isalpha() iscntrl() isdigit() isgraph()
islower() isprint() ispunct() isspace() isupper() isxdigit()
locals() globals() functions() cfunctions() islocal() isglobal()
isfunction() iscfunction() packages() ispackage() classes() isclass()
packageclasses() ispackageclass() classname()
objectid() attributes() methods()
isattribute() ismethod() isprivateattribute()
isprivatemethod() addattribute() addmethod()
getattribute() setattribute() mergemethods()
packagename() ringvm_fileslist() ringvm_calllist()
ringvm_memorylist() ringvm_functionslist()
ringvm_classeslist() ringvm_packageslist()
ringvm_cfunctionslist() ringvm_settrace()
ringvm_tracedata() ringvm_traceevent() ringvm_tracefunc()
ringvm_scopescount() ringvm_evalinscope() ringvm_passerror()
ringvm_hideerrormsg() ringvm_callfunc()
list() find() min() max()
insert() sort() reverse() binarysearch() sin() cos()
tan() asin() acos() atan() atan2() sinh()
cosh() tanh() exp() log() log10() ceil()
floor() fabs() pow() sqrt() unsigned() decimals()
murmur3hash() fopen() fclose() fflush() freopen() tempfile()
tempname() fseek() ftell() rewind() fgetpos() fsetpos()
clearerr() feof() ferror() perror() rename() remove()
fgetc() fgets() fputc() fputs() ungetc() fread()
fwrite() dir() read() write() fexists() int2bytes()
float2bytes() double2bytes() bytes2int()
bytes2float() bytes2double() ismsdos()
iswindows() iswindows64() isunix()
ismacosx() islinux() isfreebsd()
isandroid() windowsnl() currentdir()
exefilename() chdir() exefolder()
loadlib() closelib() callgc() varptr()
intvalue() object2pointer()
pointer2object() nullpointer() space()
ptrcmp() ring_state_init() ring_state_runcode()
ring_state_delete() ring_state_runfile() ring_state_findvar()
ring_state_newvar() ring_state_runobjectfile() ring_state_main()
ring_state_setvar()

Compiler Errors

• Error (C1) : Error in parameters list, expected identifier
• Error (C2) : Error in class name
• Error (C3) : Unclosed control strucutre, ‘ok’ is missing
• Error (C4) : Unclosed control strucutre, ‘end’ is missing
• Error (C5) : Unclosed control strucutre, next is missing
• Error (C6) : Error in function name
• Error (C7) : Error in list items
• Error (C8) : Parentheses ‘)’ is missing
• Error (C9) : Brackets ‘]’ is missing
• Error (C10) : Error in parent class name
• Error (C11) : Error in expression operator
• Error (C12) : No class definition
• Error (C13) : Error in variable name
• Error (C14) : Try/Catch miss the Catch keyword!
• Error (C15) : Try/Catch miss the Done keyword!
• Error (C16) : Error in Switch statement expression!
• Error (C17) : Switch statement without OFF
• Error (C18) : Missing closing brace for the block opened!
• Error (C19) : Numeric Overflow!
• Error (C20) : Error in package name
• Error (C21) : Unclosed control strucutre, ‘again’ is missing
• Error (C22) : Function redefinition, function is already defined!
• Error (C23) : Using ‘(‘ after number!
• Error (C24) : The parent class name is identical to the subclass name
• Error (C25) : Trying to access the self reference after the object name”
• Error (C26) : Class redefinition, class is already defined!

Runtime Errors

• Error (R1) : Cann’t divide by zero !
• Error (R2) : Array Access (Index out of range) !
• Error (R3) : Calling Function without definition !
• Error (R4) : Stack Overflow !
• Error (R5) : Can’t access the list item, Object is not list !
• Error (R6) : Variable is required
• Error (R7) : Can’t assign to a string letter more than one character
• Error (R8) : Variable is not a string
• Error (R9) : Using exit command outside loops
• Error (R10) : Using exit command with number outside the range
• Error (R11) : error in class name, class not found!
• Error (R12) : error in property name, property not found!
• Error (R13) : Object is required
• Error (R14) : Calling Method without definition !
• Error (R15) : error in parent class name, class not found!
• Error (R16) : Using braces to access unknown object !
• Error (R17) : error, using ‘Super’ without parent class!
• Error (R18) : Numeric Overflow!
• Error (R19) : Calling function with less number of parameters!
• Error (R20) : Calling function with extra number of parameters!
• Error (R21) : Using operator with values of incorrect type
• Error (R22) : Using loop command outside loops
• Error (R23) : Using loop command with number outside the range
• Error (R24) : Using uninitialized variable
• Error (R25) : Error in package name, Package not found!
• Error (R26) : Calling private method from outside the class
• Error (R27) : Using private attribute from outside the class
• Error (R28) : Using bad data type as step value
• Error (R29) : Using bad data type in for loop
• Error (R30) : parent class name is identical to child class name
• Error (R31) : Trying to destory the object using the self reference
• Error (R32) : The CALL command expect a variable contains string!
• Error (R33) : Bad decimals number (correct range >= 0 and <=14) !
• Error (R34) : Variable is required for the assignment operation
• Error (R35) : Can’t create/open the file!
• Error (R36) : The column number is not correct! It’s greater than the number of columns in the list
• Error (R37) : Sorry, The command is not supported in this context
• Error (R38) : Runtime Error in loading the dynamic library!
• Error (R39) : Error occurred creating unique filename.

Environment Errors

• Error (E1) : Caught SegFault
• Error (E2) : Out of Memory
• Error (E3) : Deleting scope while no scope!
• Error (E4) : Long VM Instruction!

Language Grammar

Program —> {statement}

Statement —> ‘package’ <Identifier> { ‘.’ <Identifier> } [‘{‘ {statement} ‘}’] [‘end’|’endpackage’]

Statement —> ‘class’ <Identifier> [ ‘from’|’:’|’<’ <Identifier> ] [‘{‘ {statement} ‘}’][‘end’|’endclass’]

Statement —> ‘func’|’def’ <Identifier> [ParaList] [‘{‘ {statement} ‘}’][‘end’|’endfunc’]

Statement —> ‘import’ <Identifier> { ‘.’ <Identifier> }

Statement —> ‘private’

Statement —> ‘load’ [‘package’] <Literal>

Statement —> ‘loadsyntax’ <Literal>

Statement —> ‘changeringkeyword’ <OldKeyword> <NewKeyword>

Statement —> ‘changeringoperator’ <OldOperator> <NewOperator>

Statement —> ‘see’|’put’ <Expr>

Statement —> ‘give’|’get’ <Identifier>

Statement —> ‘if’ <Expr> [‘{‘] {statement} [ {‘but’|’elseif’ <Expr> {Statement} } ] [‘else’ {Statement} ] ‘ok’|’end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘Switch’ <Expr> [‘{‘] { ‘on’|’case’ <Expr> {statement} } [‘other’ {Statement} ] ‘off’|’end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘for’ <Identifier> ‘=’ <Expr> ‘to’ <Expr> [ ‘step’ <Expr> ] [‘{‘] {Statement} ‘next’|’end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘for’ <Identifier> ‘in’ <Expr> [ ‘step’ <Expr> ] [‘{‘] {statement} ‘next’|’end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘while’ <Expr> [‘{‘] {statement} ‘end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘do’ {statement} ‘again’ <Expr>

Statement —> ‘try’ {statement} [‘{‘] ‘catch’ {statement} ‘done’|’end’|’}’

Statement —> ‘return’ <Expr>

Statement —> ‘bye’

Statement —> ‘exit’

Statement —> ‘loop’

Statement —> <Expr>

Statement —> epslion

ParaList —> epslion

ParaList —> [‘(‘] <Identifier> [{ ‘,’ <Identifier> }] [‘)’]

Expr —> <LogicNot> [{ ‘and’|’or’ <LogicNot> }]

LogicNot –> [‘not’] <EqualOrNot>

EqualOrNot –> [ ‘=’|’!=’ ] <Compare>

Compare —> <BitOrXor> [ { ‘<’ | ‘>’ | ‘<=’ | ‘>=’ <BitOrXor> } ]

BitOrXor —> <BitAnd> [ { ‘|’ | ‘^’ <BitAnd> } ]

BitAnd —> <BitShift> [ { ‘&’ <BitShift> } ]

BitShift —> <Arithmetic> [ { ‘<<’ | ‘>>’ <Arithmetic> } ]

Arithmetic —> <Term> [ { ‘+’ | ‘-‘ <Term> } ]

Term —> <Range> [ { ‘*’ | ‘/’ | ‘%’ <Range> } ]

Range —> <Factor> [ ‘:’ <Factor> ]

Factor —> <Identifier> [ {Mixer} ] [ ‘=’ <Expr> ]

Factor —> <Number>

Factor —> <Literal>

Factor —> ‘:’ <Identifier>

Factor —> ‘-‘ <Expr>

Factor —> ‘(‘ <Expr> ‘)’

Factor —> <List>

Factor —> ‘new’ <Identifier>

Factor —> <AnonymousFunction>

Factor —> ‘call’ <identifier> { ‘.’ <Identifier> } ‘(‘ <Parameters> ‘)’

List —> ‘[‘ [ <Expr> { ‘,’ <Expr> } ] ‘]’

Mixer —> { ‘.’ <Identifier> }

Mixer —> ‘[‘ <Expr> ‘]’

Mixer —> ‘(‘ [ <Expr> [ { ‘,’ <Expr> }] ] ‘)’

Mixer —> ‘{‘ {Statement} ‘}’

AnonymousFunction —> ‘func’|’def’| [<ParaList>] ‘{‘ {Statement} ‘}’

Virtual Machine (VM) Instructions

Definitions :-

• VM : Virtual Machine
• Stack : VM Stack
• IR : Instruction Register
• PC : Program Counter
• VP : Variable Pointer
• Stack[nSize] : Last Item in the Stack (Last In - First Out)
• VV : Variable Value (We have a Pointer to a variable, And we access this variable value)

(Stack and Variables)

(Jump)

(Compare)

(Math)

(Logic)

(Lists)

(Functions)

(User Interface)

(End Program/Loop)

(For Better Performance)

(Try-Catch-Done)

(Duplicate and Range)

(OOP)

(Other)

(Bitwise Operators)

(For Step)

(Custom Global Scope)