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Module Objects
There are only a few functions special to module objects.
- PyTypeObject PyModule_Type
This instance of PyTypeObject represents the Python module type. This is exposed to Python programs as types.ModuleType.
- int PyModule_Check(PyObject *p)
Return true if p is a module object, or a subtype of a module object.
- int PyModule_CheckExact(PyObject *p)
Return true if p is a module object, but not a subtype of PyModule_Type.
- PyObject* PyModule_NewObject(PyObject *name)
Return a new module object with the __name__ attribute set to name. The module’s __name__, __doc__, __package__, and __loader__ attributes are filled in (all but __name__ are set to None); the caller is responsible for providing a __file__ attribute.
New in version 3.3.
Changed in version 3.4: __package__ and __loader__ are set to None.
- PyObject* PyModule_New(const char *name)
- Return value: New reference.
Similar to PyImport_NewObject(), but the name is an UTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object.
- PyObject* PyModule_GetDict(PyObject *module)
- Return value: Borrowed reference.
Return the dictionary object that implements module‘s namespace; this object is the same as the __dict__ attribute of the module object. This function never fails. It is recommended extensions use other PyModule_*() and PyObject_*() functions rather than directly manipulate a module’s __dict__.
- PyObject* PyModule_GetNameObject(PyObject *module)
Return module‘s __name__ value. If the module does not provide one, or if it is not a string, SystemError is raised and NULL is returned.
New in version 3.3.
- char* PyModule_GetName(PyObject *module)
Similar to PyModule_GetNameObject() but return the name encoded to 'utf-8'.
- PyObject* PyModule_GetFilenameObject(PyObject *module)
Return the name of the file from which module was loaded using module‘s __file__ attribute. If this is not defined, or if it is not a unicode string, raise SystemError and return NULL; otherwise return a reference to a Unicode object.
New in version 3.2.
- char* PyModule_GetFilename(PyObject *module)
Similar to PyModule_GetFilenameObject() but return the filename encoded to ‘utf-8’.
Deprecated since version 3.2: PyModule_GetFilename() raises UnicodeEncodeError on unencodable filenames, use PyModule_GetFilenameObject() instead.
- void* PyModule_GetState(PyObject *module)
Return the “state” of the module, that is, a pointer to the block of memory allocated at module creation time, or NULL. See PyModuleDef.m_size.
- PyModuleDef* PyModule_GetDef(PyObject *module)
Return a pointer to the PyModuleDef struct from which the module was created, or NULL if the module wasn’t created with PyModule_Create().
- PyObject* PyState_FindModule(PyModuleDef *def)
Returns the module object that was created from def for the current interpreter. This method requires that the module object has been attached to the interpreter state with PyState_AddModule() beforehand. In case the corresponding module object is not found or has not been attached to the interpreter state yet, it returns NULL.
- int PyState_AddModule(PyObject *module, PyModuleDef *def)
Attaches the module object passed to the function to the interpreter state. This allows the module object to be accessible via PyState_FindModule().
New in version 3.3.
- int PyState_RemoveModule(PyModuleDef *def)
Removes the module object created from def from the interpreter state.
New in version 3.3.
Initializing C modules
These functions are usually used in the module initialization function.
- PyObject* PyModule_Create(PyModuleDef *module)
Create a new module object, given the definition in module. This behaves like PyModule_Create2() with module_api_version set to PYTHON_API_VERSION.
- PyObject* PyModule_Create2(PyModuleDef *module, int module_api_version)
Create a new module object, given the definition in module, assuming the API version module_api_version. If that version does not match the version of the running interpreter, a RuntimeWarning is emitted.
Note
Most uses of this function should be using PyModule_Create() instead; only use this if you are sure you need it.
- PyModuleDef
This struct holds all information that is needed to create a module object. There is usually only one static variable of that type for each module, which is statically initialized and then passed to PyModule_Create() in the module initialization function.
- PyModuleDef_Base m_base
Always initialize this member to PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT.
- char* m_name
Name for the new module.
- char* m_doc
Docstring for the module; usually a docstring variable created with PyDoc_STRVAR() is used.
- Py_ssize_t m_size
Some modules allow re-initialization (calling their PyInit_* function more than once). These modules should keep their state in a per-module memory area that can be retrieved with PyModule_GetState().
This memory should be used, rather than static globals, to hold per-module state, since it is then safe for use in multiple sub-interpreters. It is freed when the module object is deallocated, after the m_free function has been called, if present.
Setting m_size to -1 means that the module can not be re-initialized because it has global state. Setting it to a non-negative value means that the module can be re-initialized and specifies the additional amount of memory it requires for its state.
See PEP 3121 for more details.
- PyMethodDef* m_methods
A pointer to a table of module-level functions, described by PyMethodDef values. Can be NULL if no functions are present.
- inquiry m_reload
Currently unused, should be NULL.
- traverseproc m_traverse
A traversal function to call during GC traversal of the module object, or NULL if not needed.
- inquiry m_clear
A clear function to call during GC clearing of the module object, or NULL if not needed.
- freefunc m_free
A function to call during deallocation of the module object, or NULL if not needed.
- int PyModule_AddObject(PyObject *module, const char *name, PyObject *value)
Add an object to module as name. This is a convenience function which can be used from the module’s initialization function. This steals a reference to value. Return -1 on error, 0 on success.
- int PyModule_AddIntConstant(PyObject *module, const char *name, long value)
Add an integer constant to module as name. This convenience function can be used from the module’s initialization function. Return -1 on error, 0 on success.
- int PyModule_AddStringConstant(PyObject *module, const char *name, const char *value)
Add a string constant to module as name. This convenience function can be used from the module’s initialization function. The string value must be null-terminated. Return -1 on error, 0 on success.
- int PyModule_AddIntMacro(PyObject *module, macro)
Add an int constant to module. The name and the value are taken from macro. For example PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, AF_INET) adds the int constant AF_INET with the value of AF_INET to module. Return -1 on error, 0 on success.
- int PyModule_AddStringMacro(PyObject *module, macro)
Add a string constant to module.