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16. Generic Operating System Services
The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating system features that are available on (almost) all operating systems, such as files and a clock. The interfaces are generally modeled after the Unix or C interfaces, but they are available on most other systems as well. Here’s an overview:
- 16.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
- 16.1.1. File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variables
- 16.1.2. Process Parameters
- 16.1.3. File Object Creation
- 16.1.4. File Descriptor Operations
- 16.1.5. Files and Directories
- 16.1.6. Process Management
- 16.1.7. Interface to the scheduler
- 16.1.8. Miscellaneous System Information
- 16.1.9. Miscellaneous Functions
- 16.2. io — Core tools for working with streams
- 16.3. time — Time access and conversions
- 16.4. argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
- 16.5. getopt — C-style parser for command line options
- 16.6. logging — Logging facility for Python
- 16.6.1. Logger Objects
- 16.6.2. Logging Levels
- 16.6.3. Handler Objects
- 16.6.4. Formatter Objects
- 16.6.5. Filter Objects
- 16.6.6. LogRecord Objects
- 16.6.7. LogRecord attributes
- 16.6.8. LoggerAdapter Objects
- 16.6.9. Thread Safety
- 16.6.10. Module-Level Functions
- 16.6.11. Module-Level Attributes
- 16.6.12. Integration with the warnings module
- 16.7. logging.config — Logging configuration
- 16.8. logging.handlers — Logging handlers
- 16.8.1. StreamHandler
- 16.8.2. FileHandler
- 16.8.3. NullHandler
- 16.8.4. WatchedFileHandler
- 16.8.5. BaseRotatingHandler
- 16.8.6. RotatingFileHandler
- 16.8.7. TimedRotatingFileHandler
- 16.8.8. SocketHandler
- 16.8.9. DatagramHandler
- 16.8.10. SysLogHandler
- 16.8.11. NTEventLogHandler
- 16.8.12. SMTPHandler
- 16.8.13. MemoryHandler
- 16.8.14. HTTPHandler
- 16.8.15. QueueHandler
- 16.8.16. QueueListener
- 16.9. getpass — Portable password input
- 16.10. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
- 16.11. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
- 16.12. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
- 16.13. curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
- 16.14. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
- 16.15. errno — Standard errno system symbols
- 16.16. ctypes — A foreign function library for Python
- 16.16.1. ctypes tutorial
- 16.16.1.1. Loading dynamic link libraries
- 16.16.1.2. Accessing functions from loaded dlls
- 16.16.1.3. Calling functions
- 16.16.1.4. Fundamental data types
- 16.16.1.5. Calling functions, continued
- 16.16.1.6. Calling functions with your own custom data types
- 16.16.1.7. Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)
- 16.16.1.8. Return types
- 16.16.1.9. Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)
- 16.16.1.10. Structures and unions
- 16.16.1.11. Structure/union alignment and byte order
- 16.16.1.12. Bit fields in structures and unions
- 16.16.1.13. Arrays
- 16.16.1.14. Pointers
- 16.16.1.15. Type conversions
- 16.16.1.16. Incomplete Types
- 16.16.1.17. Callback functions
- 16.16.1.18. Accessing values exported from dlls
- 16.16.1.19. Surprises
- 16.16.1.20. Variable-sized data types
- 16.16.2. ctypes reference
- 16.16.1. ctypes tutorial