The Python Language Reference
This reference manual describes the syntax and “core semantics” of the language. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The semantics of non-essential built-in object types and of the built-in functions and modules are described in The Python Standard Library. For an informal introduction to the language, see The Python Tutorial. For C or C++ programmers, two additional manuals exist: Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describes the high-level picture of how to write a Python extension module, and the Python/C API Reference Manual describes the interfaces available to C/C++ programmers in detail.
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Lexical analysis
- 3. Data model
- 4. Execution model
- 5. The import system
- 6. Expressions
- 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
- 6.2. Atoms
- 6.3. Primaries
- 6.4. The power operator
- 6.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
- 6.6. Binary arithmetic operations
- 6.7. Shifting operations
- 6.8. Binary bitwise operations
- 6.9. Comparisons
- 6.10. Boolean operations
- 6.11. Conditional expressions
- 6.12. Lambdas
- 6.13. Expression lists
- 6.14. Evaluation order
- 6.15. Operator precedence
- 7. Simple statements
- 7.1. Expression statements
- 7.2. Assignment statements
- 7.3. The assert statement
- 7.4. The pass statement
- 7.5. The del statement
- 7.6. The return statement
- 7.7. The yield statement
- 7.8. The raise statement
- 7.9. The break statement
- 7.10. The continue statement
- 7.11. The import statement
- 7.12. The global statement
- 7.13. The nonlocal statement
- 8. Compound statements
- 9. Top-level components
- 10. Full Grammar specification