Adobe InDesign CS2 (4.0) Object Model JS: FormField

InDesign CS2

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Class

FormField

A form field. Base Class: PageItem

Superclass of Button

QuickLinks

addPath, applyObjectStyle, bringForward, bringToFront, checkIn, checkOut, detach, duplicate, excludeOverlapPath, exportFile, extractLabel, fit, flipItem, getElements, insertLabel, intersectPath, makeCompoundPath, markup, minusBack, move, override, place, placeXML, releaseCompoundPath, remove, removeOverride, resetScaling, resize, revert, rotate, select, sendBackward, sendToBack, shear, store, subtractPath, toSource, toSpecifier, transformAgain, transformAgainIndividually, transformSequenceAgain, transformSequenceAgainIndividually

Hierarchy

PageItem

FormField

Button

Properties

Property	Type	Access	Description
absoluteHorizontalScale	number	r/w	The horizontal scale of the FormField relative to its containing object.
absoluteRotationAngle	number	r/w	The rotation angle of the FormField relative to its containing object. (Range: -360 to 360)
absoluteShearAngle	number	r/w	The skewing angle of the FormField relative to its containing object. (Range: -360 to 360)
absoluteVerticalScale	number	r/w	The vertical scale of the FormField relative to its containing object.
allGraphics	Array of Graphic	readonly	Lists all graphics contained by the FormField.
allPageItems	Array of PageItem	readonly	Lists all page items contained by the FormField.
anchoredObjectSettings	AnchoredObjectSetting	readonly	Anchored object settings.
appearanceName	string	readonly	The appearance applied to the button.
appliedObjectStyle	ObjectStyle	r/w	The object style applied to the FormField.
associatedXMLElement	XMLItem	readonly	The XML element associated with the FormField.
behaviors	Behaviors	readonly	A collection of behavior objects.
blendMode	BlendMode: BlendMode.NORMAL BlendMode.MULTIPLY BlendMode.SCREEN BlendMode.OVERLAY BlendMode.SOFT_LIGHT BlendMode.HARD_LIGHT BlendMode.COLOR_DODGE BlendMode.COLOR_BURN BlendMode.DARKEN BlendMode.LIGHTEN BlendMode.DIFFERENCE BlendMode.EXCLUSION BlendMode.HUE BlendMode.SATURATION BlendMode.COLOR BlendMode.LUMINOSITY	r/w	The blend mode used to combine the background with the color of the FormField.
closeWindowBehaviors	CloseWindowBehaviors	readonly	A collection of close window behavior objects.
cornerEffect	CornerEffects: CornerEffects.NONE CornerEffects.ROUNDED_CORNER CornerEffects.INVERSE_ROUNDED_CORNER CornerEffects.INSET_CORNER CornerEffects.BEVEL_CORNER CornerEffects.FANCY_CORNER	r/w	The shape to apply to corner points in a path. Note: corner effect differs from end join in that you can set a radius for a corner effect, whereas the rounded or beveled effect of an end join depends upon the stroke weight.
cornerRadius	number	r/w	The radius of the corner
description	string	r/w	The description of the FormField.
endCap	EndCap: EndCap.BUTT_END_CAP EndCap.ROUND_END_CAP EndCap.PROJECTING_END_CAP	r/w	The end shape of an open path.
endJoin	EndJoin: EndJoin.MITER_END_JOIN EndJoin.ROUND_END_JOIN EndJoin.BEVEL_END_JOIN	r/w	The corner join applied to the FormField.
featherCornerType	FeatherCornerType: FeatherCornerType.SHARP FeatherCornerType.ROUNDED FeatherCornerType.DIFFUSION	r/w	The type of feathering.
featherMode	FeatherMode: FeatherMode.NONE FeatherMode.STANDARD	r/w	The feather-enabling mode.
featherNoise	number (range: 0 - 100)	r/w	The amount (as a percentage) of noise to apply to the feather. (Range: 0 to 100)
featherWidth	Measurement Unit (Number or String) (range: 0 - 1000)	r/w	The width of the feathering.
fillColor	String Swatch	r/w	The swatch (color, gradient, tint, or mixed ink) applied to the fill of the FormField. . Can also accept: String.
fillTint	number	r/w	The percent of tint to use in the FormField's fill color. (To specify a tint percent, use a number in the range of 0 to 100; to use the inherited or overridden value, use -1.)
gapColor	Swatch	r/w	The swatch (color, gradient, tint, or mixed ink) applied to the gap of a dashed, dotted, or striped stroke. For information, see stroke type.
gapTint	number	r/w	The tint as a percentage of the gap color. (To specify a tint percent, use a number in the range of 0 to 100; to use the inherited or overridden value, use -1.)
geometricBounds	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The bounds of the FormField excluding the stroke width, in the format [y1, x1, y2, x2], which give the coordinates of the top-left and bottom-right corners of the bounding box.
gotoAnchorBehaviors	GotoAnchorBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto anchor behavior objects.
gotoFirstPageBehaviors	GotoFirstPageBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto first page behavior objects.
gotoLastPageBehaviors	GotoLastPageBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto last page behavior objects.
gotoNextPageBehaviors	GotoNextPageBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto next page behavior objects.
gotoNextViewBehaviors	GotoNextViewBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto next view behavior objects.
gotoPreviousPageBehaviors	GotoPreviousPageBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto previous page behavior objects.
gotoPreviousViewBehaviors	GotoPreviousViewBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto previous view behavior objects.
gotoURLBehaviors	GotoURLBehaviors	readonly	A collection of goto URL behavior objects.
gradientFillAngle	number	r/w	The angle of a linear gradient applied to the fill of the FormField. (Range: -180 to 180)
gradientFillLength	Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The length (for a linear gradient) or radius (for a radial gradient) applied to the fill of the FormField.
gradientFillStart	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The starting point (in page coordinates) of a gradient applied to the fill of the FormField, in the format [x, y].
gradientStrokeAngle	number	r/w	The angle of a linear gradient applied to the stroke of the FormField. (Range: -180 to 180)
gradientStrokeLength	Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The length (for a linear gradient) or radius (for a radial gradient) applied to the stroke of the FormField.
gradientStrokeStart	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The starting point (in page coordinates) of a gradient applied to the stroke of the FormField, in the format [x, y].
horizontalScale	number	r/w	The horizontal scaling applied to the text as a percentage of its current size. (Range: 1 to 1000)
id	number	readonly	The unique ID of the FormField.
index	number	readonly	The index of the FormField within its containing object.
isolateBlending	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField blends in isolation.
itemLayer	Layer	r/w	The layer that the FormField is on.
knockoutGroup	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField is a knockout group.
label	string	r/w	A property that can be set to any string.
leftLineEnd	ArrowHead: ArrowHead.NONE ArrowHead.SIMPLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SIMPLE_WIDE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.TRIANGLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.TRIANGLE_WIDE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.BARBED_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CURVED_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CIRCLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CIRCLE_SOLID_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SQUARE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SQUARE_SOLID_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.BAR_ARROW_HEAD	r/w	The arrowhead applied to the start of the path.
localDisplaySetting	DisplaySettingOptions: DisplaySettingOptions.HIGH_QUALITY DisplaySettingOptions.TYPICAL DisplaySettingOptions.OPTIMIZED DisplaySettingOptions.DEFAULT_VALUE	r/w	Display performance options for the FormField.
lockState	LockStateValues: LockStateValues.NONE LockStateValues.UNMANAGED_STORY LockStateValues.CHECKED_IN_STORY LockStateValues.CHECKED_OUT_STORY LockStateValues.LOCKED_STORY LockStateValues.EMBEDDED_STORY LockStateValues.MISSING_LOCK_STATE LockStateValues.MIXED_LOCK_STATE	readonly	The lock state.
locked	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField is locked.
miterLimit	number	r/w	The limit of the ratio of stroke width to miter length before a miter (pointed) join becomes a bevel (squared-off) join. (Range: 1 to 500)
movieBehaviors	MovieBehaviors	readonly	A collection of movie behavior objects.
name	string	r/w	The name of the FormField.
nonprinting	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField does not print.
opacity	number (range: 0 - 100)	r/w	The opacity of the FormField. (Range: 0 to 100)
openFileBehaviors	OpenFileBehaviors	readonly	A collection of open file behavior objects.
overprintFill	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField's fill color overprints any underlying objects. If false, the fill color knocks out the underlying colors.
overprintGap	bool	r/w	If true, the gap color overprints any underlying colors. If false, the gap color knocks out the underlying colors.
overprintStroke	bool	r/w	If true, the FormField's stroke color overprints any underlying objects. If false, the stroke color knocks out the underlying colors.
overridden	bool	readonly	If true, the object originated on a master spread and was overridden. If false, the object either originated on a master spread and was not overridden, or the object did not originate on a master page.
overriddenMasterPageItem	Graphic Guide Movie PageItem Sound	readonly	An object that originated on a master page and has been overridden. Can return: PageItem, Guide, Graphic, Movie or Sound.
parent	Cell Character Document Group InsertionPoint Layer Line MasterSpread Page Paragraph Spread Story Table Text TextColumn TextFrame TextStyleRange Word	readonly	The parent of the FormField (a Spread, MasterSpread, Group, TextFrame, Story, Text, Character, Word, Line, TextColumn, Paragraph, TextStyleRange, Cell, Table, Document, Layer, InsertionPoint or Page).
properties	Object	r/w	A property that allows setting of several properties at the same time.
quitBehaviors	QuitBehaviors	readonly	A collection of quit behavior objects.
rightLineEnd	ArrowHead: ArrowHead.NONE ArrowHead.SIMPLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SIMPLE_WIDE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.TRIANGLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.TRIANGLE_WIDE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.BARBED_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CURVED_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CIRCLE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.CIRCLE_SOLID_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SQUARE_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.SQUARE_SOLID_ARROW_HEAD ArrowHead.BAR_ARROW_HEAD	r/w	The arrowhead applied to the end of the path.
rotationAngle	number	r/w	The rotatation angle of the FormField. (Range: -360 to 360)
shadowBlendMode	BlendMode: BlendMode.NORMAL BlendMode.MULTIPLY BlendMode.SCREEN BlendMode.OVERLAY BlendMode.SOFT_LIGHT BlendMode.HARD_LIGHT BlendMode.COLOR_DODGE BlendMode.COLOR_BURN BlendMode.DARKEN BlendMode.LIGHTEN BlendMode.DIFFERENCE BlendMode.EXCLUSION BlendMode.HUE BlendMode.SATURATION BlendMode.COLOR BlendMode.LUMINOSITY	r/w	The blend mode to use for drawing the shadow.
shadowBlurRadius	Measurement Unit (Number or String) (range: 0 - 144)	r/w	The radius of the shadow blur.
shadowColor	Swatch	r/w	The swatch (color or mixed ink) applied to the shadow.
shadowMode	ShadowMode: ShadowMode.NONE ShadowMode.DROP	r/w	The shadow mode.
shadowNoise	number (range: 0 - 100)	r/w	The amount (as a percentage) of noise to apply to the shadow. (Range: 0 to 100)
shadowOpacity	number (range: 0 - 100)	r/w	The opacity of the shadow. (Range: 0 to 100)
shadowSpread	number (range: 0 - 100)	r/w	The amount (as a percentage) of the blur radius to use as the shadow footprint. (Range: 0 to 100) For information, see shadow blur radius.
shadowXOffset	Measurement Unit (Number or String) (range: -1000 - 1000)	r/w	The horizontal offset of the shadow.
shadowYOffset	Measurement Unit (Number or String) (range: -1000 - 1000)	r/w	The vertical offset of the shadow.
shearAngle	number	r/w	The skewing angle applied to the FormField. (Range: -360 to 360)
showHideFieldsBehaviors	ShowHideFieldsBehaviors	readonly	A collection of show/hide fields behavior objects.
soundBehaviors	SoundBehaviors	readonly	A collection of sound behavior objects.
strokeAlignment	StrokeAlignment: StrokeAlignment.CENTER_ALIGNMENT StrokeAlignment.INSIDE_ALIGNMENT StrokeAlignment.OUTSIDE_ALIGNMENT	r/w	The stroke alignment applied to the FormField.
strokeColor	String Swatch	r/w	The swatch (color, gradient, tint, or mixed ink) applied to the stroke of the FormField. Can also accept: String.
strokeCornerAdjustment	StrokeCornerAdjustment: StrokeCornerAdjustment.NONE StrokeCornerAdjustment.DASHES StrokeCornerAdjustment.GAPS StrokeCornerAdjustment.DASHES_AND_GAPS	r/w	The corner adjustment applied to the FormField.
strokeDashAndGap	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The dash and gap measurements that define the pattern of a custom dashed line. Define up to six values (in points) in the format [dash1, gap1, dash2, gap2, dash3, gap3].
strokeTint	number	r/w	The percent of tint to use in object's stroke color. (To specify a tint percent, use a number in the range of 0 to 100; to use the inherited or overridden value, use -1.)
strokeType	StrokeStyle	r/w	The stroke type
strokeWeight	Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The weight (in points) to apply to the FormField's stroke.
textWrapPreferences	TextWrapPreference	readonly	The text wrap preference properties that define the default formatting for wrapping text around objects.
verticalScale	number	r/w	The vertical scaling applied to the text as a percentage of its current size. (Range: 1 to 1000)
viewZoomBehaviors	ViewZoomBehaviors	readonly	A collection of view zoom behavior objects.
visibilityInPdf	VisibilityInPdf: VisibilityInPdf.VISIBLE_IN_PDF VisibilityInPdf.HIDDEN_IN_PDF VisibilityInPdf.VISIBLE_BUT_DOES_NOT_PRINT_IN_PDF VisibilityInPdf.HIDDEN_BUT_PRINTABLE_IN_PDF	r/w	The field's visibility in the PDF document.
visibleBounds	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	r/w	The bounds of the FormField including the stroke width, in the format [y1, x1, y2, x2], which give the coordinates of the top-left and bottom-right corners of the bounding box.

Methods

Instances

PageItem addPath (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a new page item by combining the FormField with other objects. Deletes the objects if they do not intersect.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The object(s) to add.

void applyObjectStyle (using: ObjectStyle[, clearingOverrides: bool=true][, clearingOverridesThroughRootObjectStyle: bool=false])
Applies the specified object style.

Parameter	Type	Description
using	ObjectStyle	The object style to apply.
clearingOverrides	bool	If true, clears the FormField's existing attributes before applying the style. (Optional) (default: true)
clearingOverridesThroughRootObjectStyle	bool	If true, clears attributes and formatting applied to the FormField that are not defined in the object style. (Optional) (default: false)

void bringForward ()
Brings the FormField forward one level in its layer.

void bringToFront ()
Brings the FormField to the front.

bool checkIn ()
Checks in the story.

bool checkOut ()
Checks out the story.

void detach ()
Detaches an overridden master page item from the master page.

PageItem duplicate ([by: Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)])
Duplicates the FormField.

Parameter	Type	Description
by	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	The amount (in points) to offset the new FormField, in the format [x, y]. (Optional)

PageItem excludeOverlapPath (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a new page item by excluding the overlapping areas of the FormField and other objects.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The object(s) to exclude.

void exportFile (format: any, to: File[, showingOptions: bool=false][, using: PDFExportPreset])
Exports the object(s) to a file.

Parameter	Type	Description
format	ExportFormat String	The export format. Can accept: ExportFormat enumerator or String.
to	File	The path of the export file.
showingOptions	bool	If true, prompts the user to select export options. (Optional) (default: false)
using	PDFExportPreset	The export style to use. (Optional)

string extractLabel (key: string)
Gets the label value associated with the specified key.

Parameter	Type	Description
key	string	The key.

void fit (given: FitOptions)
Applies the specified fit option to content in a frame.

Parameter	Type	Description
given	FitOptions: FitOptions.CONTENT_TO_FRAME FitOptions.CENTER_CONTENT FitOptions.PROPORTIONALLY FitOptions.FRAME_TO_CONTENT FitOptions.FILL_PROPORTIONALLY	The fit option to use.

void flipItem (given: FlipItemOptions[, around: any][, transformingContent: bool=true])
Flip item about given axis

Parameter	Type	Description
given	FlipItemOptions: FlipItemOptions.HORIZONTAL FlipItemOptions.VERTICAL FlipItemOptions.BOTH	flip item options
around	AnchorPoint Array of 2 Units	The point to flip around. Can accept: Array of 2 Units or AnchorPoint enumerator. (Optional)
transformingContent	bool	If true then both the object and items within it are flipped (Optional) (default: true)

Array of Object getElements ()
Resolves the object specifier, creating an array of object references.

void insertLabel (key: string, value: string)
Sets the label to the value associated with the specified key.

Parameter	Type	Description
key	string	The key.
value	string	The value.

PageItem intersectPath (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a new page item by intersecting the FormField with other objects. Returns an error if the objects do not intersect.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The object(s) with which to intersect.

PageItem makeCompoundPath (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a compound path by combining the path(s) of the FormField with the paths of other objects.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The other objects whose paths to include in the new compound path.

void markup (using: XMLElement)
Associates the page item with the specified XML element while preserving existing content.

Parameter	Type	Description
using	XMLElement	The XML element.

PageItem minusBack (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a new page item by reverse subtracting the overlapping areas of the FormField and other objects.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The object(s) to reverse subtract.

void move ([to: any][, by: Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)][, transformingContent: bool=true])
Move Page Item to a new location. One of the 'To' or 'By' parameters is required.

Parameter	Type	Description
to	Array of 2 Units Layer Page Spread	The new location of the object. Can accept: Array of 2 Units, Spread, Page or Layer. (Optional)
by	Array of Measurement Unit (Number or String)	Amount by which to move the object relative to its current position (Optional)
transformingContent	bool	If true then both the object and items within it are moved (Optional) (default: true)

any override (destinationPage: Page)
Overrides a master page item and places the item on the document page as a new object.

Parameter	Type	Description
destinationPage	Page	The document page that contains the master page item to override.

any place (fileName: File[, showingOptions: bool=false][, withProperties: Object])
Place a file

Parameter	Type	Description
fileName	File	The file to place
showingOptions	bool	Whether to display the import options dialog (Optional) (default: false)
withProperties	Object	Initial values for properties of the placed object(s) (Optional)

void placeXML (using: XMLElement)
Places XML content into the specified object. Note: Replaces any existing content.

Parameter	Type	Description
using	XMLElement	The XML element whose content you want to place.

Array of PageItem releaseCompoundPath ()
Releases a compound path.

void remove ()
Deletes the FormField.

void removeOverride ()
Removes the override from a previously overridden master page item.

void resetScaling ()
Resets the FormField's scaling to 100%. Note: This does not change the size of the FormField. Instead, it makes the current size of the FormField the basis for future scaling.

void resize ([horizontalScale: number][, verticalScale: number][, around: any][, consideringCurrentScale: bool=false][, transformingContent: bool=true][, consideringParentsScale: bool=false])
Resize the page item. You must specify either horizontal scale or vertical scale or both.

Parameter	Type	Description
horizontalScale	number	The percentage of horizontal scale (Optional)
verticalScale	number	The percentage of vertical scale (Optional)
around	AnchorPoint Array of 2 Units	The point to scale around. Can accept: Array of 2 Units or AnchorPoint enumerator. (Optional)
consideringCurrentScale	bool	If true then the object's current scale and new scale will be combined. If false then the new value is absolute. The default value is false. (Optional) (default: false)
transformingContent	bool	If true then both the object and items within it are scaled (Optional) (default: true)
consideringParentsScale	bool	If true then the object is scaled relative to its parent page item. If false it is scaled relative to the spread. (Optional) (default: false)

bool revert ()
Reverts the document to its state at the last save operation.

void rotate (by: number[, around: any][, consideringCurrentRotation: bool=false][, transformingContent: bool=true][, consideringParentsRotation: bool=false])
Rotate the page item

Parameter	Type	Description
by	number	Angle by which to rotate the page item
around	AnchorPoint Array of 2 Units	The point to rotate around. Can accept: Array of 2 Units or AnchorPoint enumerator. (Optional)
consideringCurrentRotation	bool	If true then the object's current rotation and new rotation will be combined. If false then the new value is absolute. The default value is false. (Optional) (default: false)
transformingContent	bool	If true then both the object and items within it are rotated (Optional) (default: true)
consideringParentsRotation	bool	If true then the object is rotated relative to its parent page item. If false it is rotated relative to the spread. Cannot rotate with considering current rotation and considering parents rotation both set at the same time. (Optional) (default: false)

void select ([existingSelection: SelectionOptions=SelectionOptions.REPLACE_WITH])
Selects the object.

Parameter	Type	Description
existingSelection	SelectionOptions: SelectionOptions.ADD_TO SelectionOptions.REMOVE_FROM SelectionOptions.REPLACE_WITH	The selection status of the FormField in relation to previously selected objects. (Optional) (default: SelectionOptions.REPLACE_WITH)

void sendBackward ()
Sends the FormField back one level in its layer.

void sendToBack ()
Sends the FormField to the back.

void shear (by: number[, around: any][, shearAxisAngle: number=0][, consideringCurrentShear: bool=false][, transformingContent: bool=true][, consideringParentsShear: bool=false])
Shear the page item

Parameter	Type	Description
by	number	Angle by which to shear the object
around	AnchorPoint Array of 2 Units	The point to shear around. Can accept: Array of 2 Units or AnchorPoint enumerator. (Optional)
shearAxisAngle	number	The amount that the shear axis is rotated. If 0 degree then shear at its horizontal axis. If 90 degrees then shear at the vertical axis. (Optional) (default: 0)
consideringCurrentShear	bool	If true then the object's current shear and new shear will be combined. If false then the new value is absolute. The default value is false. (Optional) (default: false)
transformingContent	bool	If true then both the object and items within it are sheared (Optional) (default: true)
consideringParentsShear	bool	If true then the object is sheared relative to its parent page item. If false it is sheared relative to the spread. Cannot shear with considering current shear and considering parents shear both set at the same time. (Optional) (default: false)

Asset store (using: Library)
Store a page item in a library

Parameter	Type	Description
using	Library	The library in which to store

PageItem subtractPath (with: Array of PageItem)
Creates a new page item by subtracting the overlapping areas of the FormField and other objects.

Parameter	Type	Description
with	Array of PageItem	The object(s) to subtract.

string toSource ()
Generates a string which, if executed, will return the FormField.

string toSpecifier ()
Retrieves the object specifier.

Array of string transformAgain ()
Transforms the FormField using the last transformation performed on any object. Transformations include moving, rotating, shearing, scaling, and flipping.

Array of string transformAgainIndividually ()
Transforms the FormField using the last transformation performed on any FormField. Transformations include moving, rotating, shearing, scaling, and flipping.

Array of string transformSequenceAgain ()
Transforms the FormField using the last sequence of transform operations performed on any single object or performed at the same time on any group of objects. Transformations include moving, rotating, shearing, scaling, and flipping.

Array of string transformSequenceAgainIndividually ()
Transforms the FormField using the last sequence of transformations performed on any single object or performed at the same time on any group of objects. Transformations include moving, rotating, shearing, scaling, and flipping.