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C/C++ Reference

C/C++ Reference

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C/C++ Reference

General C/C++

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Standard C Library

  • Standard C I/O
  • Standard C String & Character
  • Standard C Math
  • Standard C Time & Date
  • Standard C Memory
  • Other standard C functions

All C Functions

C++

  • C++ I/O
  • C++ Strings
  • C++ String Streams
  • Miscellaneous C++

C++ Standard Template Library

  • About the Standard Template Library
  • Iterators
  • C++ Algorithms
  • C++ Vectors
  • C++ Double-Ended Queues
  • C++ Lists
  • C++ Priority Queues
  • C++ Queues
  • C++ Stacks
  • C++ Sets
  • C++ Multisets
  • C++ Maps
  • C++ Multimaps
  • C++ Bitsets

All C++ Functions

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Last modified on 3/18/2008 by Nate Kohl, with help from a lot of people.
Windows compliled help (CHM) file created by James Brown.

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Table of contents

  • All C++ Functions
    • Bitset Constructors (C++ Bitsets) - create new bitsets
    • Bitset Operators (C++ Bitsets) - compare and assign bitsets
    • Vector constructors - create vectors and initialize them with some data
    • Container constructors (C++ Double-ended Queues) - create containers and initialize them with some data
    • Container constructors (C++ Lists) - create containers and initialize them with some data
    • Container constructors & destructors (C++ Sets) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate containers
    • Container constructors & destructors (C++ Multisets) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multisets
    • Map constructors & destructors (C++ Maps) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate maps
    • Multimap constructors & destructors (C++ Multimaps) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate containers
    • Container operators (C++ Lists) - assign and compare containers
    • Container operators (C++ Sets) - assign and compare containers
    • Container operators (C++ Multisets) - assign and compare containers
    • Multimap operators (C++ Multimaps) - assign and compare containers
    • Vector operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a vector
    • Container operators (C++ Double-ended Queues) - compare, assign, and access elements of a container
    • I/O Constructors (C++ I/O) - constructors
    • Map operators (C++ Maps) - assign, compare, and access elements of a map
    • Priority queue constructors (C++ Priority Queues) - construct a new priority queue
    • Queue constructor (C++ Queues) - construct a new queue
    • Stack constructors (C++ Stacks) - construct a new stack
    • String constructors (C++ Strings) - create strings from arrays of characters and other strings
    • String operators (C++ Strings) - concatenate strings, assign strings, use strings for I/O, compare strings
    • accumulate (C++ Algorithms) - sum up a range of elements
    • adjacent_difference (C++ Algorithms) - compute the differences between adjacent elements in a range
    • adjacent_find (C++ Algorithms) - finds two items that are adjacent to eachother
    • any (C++ Bitsets) - true if any bits are set
    • append (C++ Strings) - append characters and strings onto a string
    • assign (C++ Vectors) - assign elements to a container
    • assign (C++ Double-ended Queues) - assign elements to a container
    • assign (C++ Lists) - assign elements to a container
    • assign (C++ Strings) - give a string values from strings of characters and other C++ strings
    • at (C++ Vectors) - returns an element at a specific location
    • at (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an element at a specific location
    • at (C++ Strings) - returns an element at a specific location
    • auto_ptr (Miscellaneous C++) - create pointers that automatically destroy objects
    • back (C++ Vectors) - returns a reference to last element of a container
    • back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reference to last element of a container
    • back (C++ Lists) - returns a reference to last element of a container
    • back (C++ Queues) - returns a reference to last element of a container
    • bad (C++ I/O) - true if an error occurred
    • begin (C++ Strings) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Vectors) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Lists) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • begin (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
    • binary_search (C++ Algorithms) - determine if an element exists in a certain range
    • c_str (C++ Strings) - returns a standard C character array version of the string
    • capacity (C++ Vectors) - returns the number of elements that the container can hold
    • capacity (C++ Strings) - returns the number of elements that the container can hold
    • clear (C++ I/O) - clear and set status flags
    • clear (C++ Strings) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Vectors) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Lists) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Sets) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Multisets) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Maps) - removes all elements from the container
    • clear (C++ Multimaps) - removes all elements from the container
    • close (C++ I/O) - close a stream
    • compare (C++ Strings) - compares two strings
    • copy (C++ Strings) - copies characters from a string into an array
    • copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy some range of elements to a new location
    • copy_backward (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements in backwards order
    • copy_n (C++ Algorithms) - copy N elements
    • count (C++ Sets) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • count (C++ Multisets) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • count (C++ Maps) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • count (C++ Multimaps) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • count (C++ Bitsets) - returns the number of set bits
    • count (C++ Algorithms) - return the number of elements matching a given value
    • count_if (C++ Algorithms) - return the number of elements for which a predicate is true
    • data (C++ Strings) - returns a pointer to the first character of a string
    • empty (C++ Strings) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Vectors) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Double-ended Queues) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Lists) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Sets) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Multisets) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Maps) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Multimaps) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Stacks) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Queues) - true if the container has no elements
    • empty (C++ Priority Queues) - true if the container has no elements
    • end (C++ Strings) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Vectors) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Lists) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • end (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
    • eof (C++ I/O) - true if at the end-of-file
    • equal (C++ Algorithms) - determine if two sets of elements are the same
    • equal_range (C++ Sets) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • equal_range (C++ Multisets) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • equal_range (C++ Maps) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • equal_range (C++ Multimaps) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • equal_range (C++ Algorithms) - search for a range of elements that are all equal to a certain element
    • erase (C++ Strings) - removes elements from a string
    • erase (C++ Vectors) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Lists) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Sets) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Multisets) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Maps) - removes elements from a container
    • erase (C++ Multimaps) - removes elements from a container
    • fail (C++ I/O) - true if an error occurred
    • fill (C++ I/O) - manipulate the default fill character
    • fill (C++ Algorithms) - assign a range of elements a certain value
    • fill_n (C++ Algorithms) - assign a value to some number of elements
    • find (C++ Algorithms) - find a value in a given range
    • find (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • find (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • find (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • find (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • find (C++ Strings) - find characters in the string
    • find_end (C++ Algorithms) - find the last sequence of elements in a certain range
    • find_first_not_of (C++ Strings) - find first absence of characters
    • find_first_of (C++ Strings) - find first occurrence of characters
    • find_first_of (C++ Algorithms) - search for any one of a set of elements
    • find_if (C++ Algorithms) - find the first element for which a certain predicate is true
    • find_last_not_of (C++ Strings) - find last absence of characters
    • find_last_of (C++ Strings) - find last occurrence of characters
    • flags (C++ I/O) - access or manipulate io stream format flags
    • flip (C++ Bitsets) - reverses the bitset
    • flush (C++ I/O) - empty the buffer
    • for_each (C++ Algorithms) - apply a function to a range of elements
    • front (C++ Vectors) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
    • front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
    • front (C++ Lists) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
    • front (C++ Queues) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
    • gcount (C++ I/O) - number of characters read during last input
    • generate (C++ Algorithms) - saves the result of a function in a range
    • generate_n (C++ Algorithms) - saves the result of N applications of a function
    • get (C++ I/O) - read characters
    • getline (C++ I/O) - read a line of characters
    • getline (C++ Strings) - read data from an I/O stream into a string
    • good (C++ I/O) - true if no errors have occurred
    • ignore (C++ I/O) - read and discard characters
    • includes (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if one set is a subset of another
    • inner_product (C++ Algorithms) - compute the inner product of two ranges of elements
    • inplace_merge (C++ Algorithms) - merge two ordered ranges in-place
    • insert (C++ Strings) - insert characters into a string
    • insert (C++ Vectors) - inserts elements into the container
    • insert (C++ Double-ended Queues) - inserts elements into the container
    • insert (C++ Lists) - inserts elements into the container
    • insert (C++ Sets) - insert items into a container
    • insert (C++ Multisets) - inserts items into a container
    • insert (C++ Multimaps) - inserts items into a container
    • insert (C++ Maps) - insert items into a container
    • is_heap (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if a given range is a heap
    • is_sorted (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if a range is sorted in ascending order
    • iter_swap (C++ Algorithms) - swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators
    • key_comp (C++ Sets) - returns the function that compares keys
    • key_comp (C++ Multisets) - returns the function that compares keys
    • key_comp (C++ Maps) - returns the function that compares keys
    • key_comp (C++ Multimaps) - returns the function that compares keys
    • length (C++ Strings) - returns the length of the string
    • lexicographical_compare (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
    • lexicographical_compare_3way (C++ Algorithms) - determines if one range is lexicographically less than or greater than another
    • lower_bound (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • lower_bound (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • lower_bound (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • lower_bound (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • lower_bound (C++ Algorithms) - search for the first place that a value can be inserted while preserving order
    • make_heap (C++ Algorithms) - creates a heap out of a range of elements
    • max (C++ Algorithms) - returns the larger of two elements
    • max_element (C++ Algorithms) - returns the largest element in a range
    • max_size (C++ Strings) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Vectors) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Lists) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Sets) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Multisets) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Maps) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • max_size (C++ Multimaps) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
    • merge (C++ Lists) - merge two lists
    • merge (C++ Algorithms) - merge two sorted ranges
    • min (C++ Algorithms) - returns the smaller of two elements
    • min_element (C++ Algorithms) - returns the smallest element in a range
    • mismatch (C++ Algorithms) - finds the first position where two ranges differ
    • next_permutation (C++ Algorithms) - generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
    • none (C++ Bitsets) - true if no bits are set
    • nth_element (C++ Algorithms) - put one element in its sorted location and make sure that no elements to its left are greater than any elements to its right
    • open (C++ I/O) - create an input stream
    • partial_sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort the first N elements of a range
    • partial_sort_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy and partially sort a range of elements
    • partial_sum (C++ Algorithms) - compute the partial sum of a range of elements
    • partition (C++ Algorithms) - divide a range of elements into two groups
    • peek (C++ I/O) - check the next input character
    • pop (C++ Stacks) - removes the top element of a container
    • pop (C++ Queues) - removes the top element of a container
    • pop (C++ Priority Queues) - removes the top element of a container
    • pop_back (C++ Vectors) - removes the last element of a container
    • pop_back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes the last element of a container
    • pop_back (C++ Lists) - removes the last element of a container
    • pop_front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes the first element of the container
    • pop_front (C++ Lists) - removes the first element of the container
    • pop_heap (C++ Algorithms) - remove the largest element from a heap
    • precision (C++ I/O) - manipulate the precision of a stream
    • prev_permutation (C++ Algorithms) - generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
    • push (C++ Stacks) - adds an element to the top of the container
    • push (C++ Queues) - adds an element to the end of the container
    • push (C++ Priority Queues) - adds an element to the end of the container
    • push_back (C++ Vectors) - add an element to the end of the container
    • push_back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - add an element to the end of the container
    • push_back (C++ Lists) - add an element to the end of the container
    • push_back (C++ Strings) - add an element to the end of the container
    • push_front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - add an element to the front of the container
    • push_front (C++ Lists) - add an element to the front of the container
    • push_heap (C++ Algorithms) - add an element to a heap
    • put (C++ I/O) - write characters
    • putback (C++ I/O) - return characters to a stream
    • random_sample (C++ Algorithms) - randomly copy elements from one range to another
    • random_sample_n (C++ Algorithms) - sample N random elements from a range
    • random_shuffle (C++ Algorithms) - randomly re-order elements in some range
    • rbegin (C++ Vectors) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Strings) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Lists) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Sets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Multisets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Maps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rbegin (C++ Multimaps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
    • rdstate (C++ I/O) - returns the state flags of the stream
    • read (C++ I/O) - read data into a buffer
    • remove (C++ Lists) - removes elements from a list
    • remove (C++ Algorithms) - remove elements equal to certain value
    • remove_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements omitting those that match a certian value
    • remove_copy_if (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of a range of elements, omitting any for which a predicate is true
    • remove_if (C++ Lists) - removes elements conditionally
    • remove_if (C++ Algorithms) - remove all elements for which a predicate is true
    • rend (C++ Vectors) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Strings) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Lists) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Sets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Multisets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Maps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • rend (C++ Multimaps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
    • replace (C++ Strings) - replace characters in the string
    • replace (C++ Algorithms) - replace every occurrence of some value in a range with another value
    • replace_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range, replacing certain elements with new ones
    • replace_copy_if (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements, replacing those for which a predicate is true
    • replace_if (C++ Algorithms) - change the values of elements for which a predicate is true
    • reserve (C++ Vectors) - sets the minimum capacity of the container
    • reserve (C++ Strings) - sets the minimum capacity of the container
    • reset (C++ Bitsets) - sets bits to zero
    • resize (C++ Vectors) - change the size of the container
    • resize (C++ Double-ended Queues) - change the size of the container
    • resize (C++ Lists) - change the size of the container
    • resize (C++ Strings) - change the size of the container
    • reverse (C++ Lists) - reverse the list
    • reverse (C++ Algorithms) - reverse elements in some range
    • reverse_copy (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of a range that is reversed
    • rfind (C++ Strings) - find the last occurrence of a substring
    • rotate (C++ Algorithms) - move the elements in some range to the left by some amount
    • rotate_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy and rotate a range of elements
    • search (C++ Algorithms) - search for a range of elements
    • search_n (C++ Algorithms) - search for N consecutive copies of an element in some range
    • seekg (C++ I/O) - perform random access on an input stream
    • seekp (C++ I/O) - perform random access on output streams
    • set (C++ Bitsets) - sets bits
    • set_difference (C++ Algorithms) - computes the difference between two sets
    • set_intersection (C++ Algorithms) - computes the intersection of two sets
    • set_symmetric_difference (C++ Algorithms) - computes the symmetric difference between two sets
    • set_union (C++ Algorithms) - computes the union of two sets
    • setf (C++ I/O) - set format flags
    • size (C++ Strings) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Vectors) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Lists) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Sets) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Multisets) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Maps) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Multimaps) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Stacks) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Priority Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
    • size (C++ Bitsets) - number of bits that the bitset can hold
    • sort (C++ Lists) - sorts a list into ascending order
    • sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort a range into ascending order
    • sort_heap (C++ Algorithms) - turns a heap into a sorted range of elements
    • splice (C++ Lists) - merge two lists in constant time
    • stable_partition (C++ Algorithms) - divide elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
    • stable_sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
    • substr (C++ Strings) - returns a certain substring
    • swap (C++ Strings) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Vectors) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Double-ended Queues) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Lists) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Sets) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Multisets) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Maps) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Multimaps) - swap the contents of this container with another
    • swap (C++ Algorithms) - swap the values of two objects
    • swap_ranges (C++ Algorithms) - swaps two ranges of elements
    • sync_with_stdio (C++ I/O) - synchronize with standard I/O
    • tellg (C++ I/O) - read input stream pointers
    • tellp (C++ I/O) - read output stream pointers
    • test (C++ Bitsets) - returns the value of a given bit
    • to_string (C++ Bitsets) - string representation of the bitset
    • to_ulong (C++ Bitsets) - returns an integer representation of the bitset
    • top (C++ Stacks) - returns the top element of the container
    • top (C++ Priority Queues) - returns the top element of the container
    • transform (C++ Algorithms) - applies a function to a range of elements
    • unique (C++ Lists) - removes consecutive duplicate elements
    • unique (C++ Algorithms) - remove consecutive duplicate elements in a range
    • unique_copy (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
    • unsetf (C++ I/O) - clear io stream format flags
    • upper_bound (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • upper_bound (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • upper_bound (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • upper_bound (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • upper_bound (C++ Algorithms) - searches for the last possible location to insert an element into an ordered range
    • value_comp (C++ Sets) - returns the function that compares values
    • value_comp (C++ Multisets) - returns the function that compares values
    • value_comp (C++ Maps) - returns the function that compares values
    • value_comp (C++ Multimaps) - returns the function that compares values
    • width (C++ I/O) - access and manipulate the minimum field width
    • write (C++ I/O) - write characters
  • All C Functions
    • #, ## - manipulate strings
    • #define - define variables
    • #error - display an error message
    • #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #else, #elif, #endif - conditional operators
    • #include - insert the contents of another file
    • #line - set line and file information
    • #pragma - implementation specific command
    • #undef - used to undefine variables
    • Predefined preprocessor variables - miscellaneous preprocessor variables
    • abort - stops the program
    • abs - absolute value
    • acos - arc cosine
    • asctime - a textual version of the time
    • asin - arc sine
    • assert - stops the program if an expression isn't true
    • atan - arc tangent
    • atan2 - arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
    • atexit - sets a function to be called when the program exits
    • atof - converts a string to a double
    • atoi - converts a string to an integer
    • atol - converts a string to a long
    • bsearch - perform a binary search
    • calloc - allocates and clears a two-dimensional chunk of memory
    • ceil - the smallest integer not less than a certain value
    • clearerr - clears errors
    • clock - returns the amount of time that the program has been running
    • cos - cosine
    • cosh - hyperbolic cosine
    • ctime - returns a specifically formatted version of the time
    • difftime - the difference between two times
    • div - returns the quotient and remainder of a division
    • exit - stop the program
    • exp - returns "e" raised to a given power
    • fabs - absolute value for floating-point numbers
    • fclose - close a file
    • feof - true if at the end-of-file
    • ferror - checks for a file error
    • fflush - writes the contents of the output buffer
    • fgetc - get a character from a stream
    • fgetpos - get the file position indicator
    • fgets - get a string of characters from a stream
    • floor - returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
    • fmod - returns the remainder of a division
    • fopen - open a file
    • fprintf - print formatted output to a file
    • fputc - write a character to a file
    • fputs - write a string to a file
    • fread - read from a file
    • free - returns previously allocated memory to the operating system
    • freopen - open an existing stream with a different name
    • frexp - decomposes a number into scientific notation
    • fscanf - read formatted input from a file
    • fseek - move to a specific location in a file
    • fsetpos - move to a specific location in a file
    • ftell - returns the current file position indicator
    • fwrite - write to a file
    • getc - read a character from a file
    • getchar - read a character from STDIN
    • getenv - get enviornment information about a variable
    • gets - read a string from STDIN
    • gmtime - returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time
    • isalnum - true if a character is alphanumeric
    • isalpha - true if a character is alphabetic
    • iscntrl - true if a character is a control character
    • isdigit - true if a character is a digit
    • isgraph - true if a character is a graphical character
    • islower - true if a character is lowercase
    • isprint - true if a character is a printing character
    • ispunct - true if a character is punctuation
    • isspace - true if a character is a space character
    • isupper - true if a character is an uppercase character
    • isxdigit - true if a character is a hexidecimal character
    • labs - absolute value for long integers
    • ldexp - computes a number in scientific notation
    • ldiv - returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form
    • localtime - returns a pointer to the current time
    • log - natural logarithm
    • log10 - natural logarithm, in base 10
    • longjmp - start execution at a certain point in the program
    • malloc - allocates memory
    • memchr - searches an array for the first occurance of a character
    • memcmp - compares two buffers
    • memcpy - copies one buffer to another
    • memmove - moves one buffer to another
    • memset - fills a buffer with a character
    • mktime - returns the calendar version of a given time
    • modf - decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
    • perror - displays a string version of the current error to STDERR
    • pow - returns a given number raised to another number
    • printf - write formatted output to STDOUT
    • putc - write a character to a stream
    • putchar - write a character to STDOUT
    • puts - write a string to STDOUT
    • qsort - perform a quicksort
    • raise - send a signal to the program
    • rand - returns a pseudorandom number
    • realloc - changes the size of previously allocated memory
    • remove - erase a file
    • rename - rename a file
    • rewind - move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
    • scanf - read formatted input from STDIN
    • setbuf - set the buffer for a specific stream
    • setjmp - set execution to start at a certain point
    • setlocale - sets the current locale
    • setvbuf - set the buffer and size for a specific stream
    • signal - register a function as a signal handler
    • sin - sine
    • sinh - hyperbolic sine
    • sprintf - write formatted output to a buffer
    • sqrt - square root
    • srand - initialize the random number generator
    • sscanf - read formatted input from a buffer
    • strcat - concatenates two strings
    • strchr - finds the first occurance of a character in a string
    • strcmp - compares two strings
    • strcoll - compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
    • strcpy - copies one string to another
    • strcspn - searches one string for any characters in another
    • strerror - returns a text version of a given error code
    • strftime - returns individual elements of the date and time
    • strlen - returns the length of a given string
    • strncat - concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
    • strncmp - compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
    • strncpy - copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another
    • strpbrk - finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string
    • strrchr - finds the last occurance of a character in a string
    • strspn - returns the length of a substring of characters of a string
    • strstr - finds the first occurance of a substring of characters
    • strtod - converts a string to a double
    • strtok - finds the next token in a string
    • strtol - converts a string to a long
    • strtoul - converts a string to an unsigned long
    • strxfrm - converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions
    • system - perform a system call
    • tan - tangent
    • tanh - hyperbolic tangent
    • time - returns the current calendar time of the system
    • tmpfile - return a pointer to a temporary file
    • tmpnam - return a unique filename
    • tolower - converts a character to lowercase
    • toupper - converts a character to uppercase
    • ungetc - puts a character back into a stream
    • va_arg - use variable length parameter lists
    • vprintf, vfprintf, and vsprintf - write formatted output with variable argument lists
  • C++ Algorithms
    • accumulate - sum up a range of elements
    • adjacent_difference - compute the differences between adjacent elements in a range
    • adjacent_find - finds two items that are adjacent to eachother
    • binary_search - determine if an element exists in a certain range
    • copy - copy some range of elements to a new location
    • copy_backward - copy a range of elements in backwards order
    • copy_n - copy N elements
    • count - return the number of elements matching a given value
    • count_if - return the number of elements for which a predicate is true
    • equal - determine if two sets of elements are the same
    • equal_range - search for a range of elements that are all equal to a certain element
    • fill - assign a range of elements a certain value
    • fill_n - assign a value to some number of elements
    • find - find a value in a given range
    • find_end - find the last sequence of elements in a certain range
    • find_first_of - search for any one of a set of elements
    • find_if - find the first element for which a certain predicate is true
    • for_each - apply a function to a range of elements
    • generate - saves the result of a function in a range
    • generate_n - saves the result of N applications of a function
    • includes - returns true if one set is a subset of another
    • inner_product - compute the inner product of two ranges of elements
    • inplace_merge - merge two ordered ranges in-place
    • is_heap - returns true if a given range is a heap
    • is_sorted - returns true if a range is sorted in ascending order
    • iter_swap - swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators
    • lexicographical_compare - returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
    • lexicographical_compare_3way - determines if one range is lexicographically less than or greater than another
    • lower_bound - search for the first place that a value can be inserted while preserving order
    • make_heap - creates a heap out of a range of elements
    • max - returns the larger of two elements
    • max_element - returns the largest element in a range
    • merge - merge two sorted ranges
    • min - returns the smaller of two elements
    • min_element - returns the smallest element in a range
    • mismatch - finds the first position where two ranges differ
    • next_permutation - generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
    • nth_element - put one element in its sorted location and make sure that no elements to its left are greater than any elements to its right
    • partial_sort - sort the first N elements of a range
    • partial_sort_copy - copy and partially sort a range of elements
    • partial_sum - compute the partial sum of a range of elements
    • partition - divide a range of elements into two groups
    • pop_heap - remove the largest element from a heap
    • prev_permutation - generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
    • push_heap - add an element to a heap
    • random_sample - randomly copy elements from one range to another
    • random_sample_n - sample N random elements from a range
    • random_shuffle - randomly re-order elements in some range
    • remove - remove elements equal to certain value
    • remove_copy - copy a range of elements omitting those that match a certian value
    • remove_copy_if - create a copy of a range of elements, omitting any for which a predicate is true
    • remove_if - remove all elements for which a predicate is true
    • replace - replace every occurrence of some value in a range with another value
    • replace_copy - copy a range, replacing certain elements with new ones
    • replace_copy_if - copy a range of elements, replacing those for which a predicate is true
    • replace_if - change the values of elements for which a predicate is true
    • reverse - reverse elements in some range
    • reverse_copy - create a copy of a range that is reversed
    • rotate - move the elements in some range to the left by some amount
    • rotate_copy - copy and rotate a range of elements
    • search - search for a range of elements
    • search_n - search for N consecutive copies of an element in some range
    • set_difference - computes the difference between two sets
    • set_intersection - computes the intersection of two sets
    • set_symmetric_difference - computes the symmetric difference between two sets
    • set_union - computes the union of two sets
    • sort - sort a range into ascending order
    • sort_heap - turns a heap into a sorted range of elements
    • stable_partition - divide elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
    • stable_sort - sort a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
    • swap - swap the values of two objects
    • swap_ranges - swaps two ranges of elements
    • transform - applies a function to a range of elements
    • unique - remove consecutive duplicate elements in a range
    • unique_copy - create a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
    • upper_bound - searches for the last possible location to insert an element into an ordered range
  • C++ Bitsets
    • Bitset Constructors - create new bitsets
    • Bitset Operators - compare and assign bitsets
    • any - true if any bits are set
    • count - returns the number of set bits
    • flip - reverses the bitset
    • none - true if no bits are set
    • reset - sets bits to zero
    • set - sets bits
    • size - number of bits that the bitset can hold
    • test - returns the value of a given bit
    • to_string - string representation of the bitset
    • to_ulong - returns an integer representation of the bitset
  • C++ Double-ended Queues
    • Container constructors - create dequeues and initialize them with some data
    • Container operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a dequeue
    • assign - assign elements to a dequeue
    • at - returns an element at a specific location
    • back - returns a reference to last element of a dequeue
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the dequeue
    • clear - removes all elements from the dequeue
    • empty - true if the dequeue has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a dequeue
    • erase - removes elements from a dequeue
    • front - returns a reference to the first element of a dequeue
    • insert - inserts elements into the dequeue
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the dequeue can hold
    • pop_back - removes the last element of a dequeue
    • pop_front - removes the first element of the dequeue
    • push_back - add an element to the end of the dequeue
    • push_front - add an element to the front of the dequeue
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the dequeue
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the dequeue
    • resize - change the size of the dequeue
    • size - returns the number of items in the dequeue
    • swap - swap the contents of this dequeue with another
  • C++ I/O
    • I/O Constructors - constructors
    • bad - true if an error occurred
    • clear - clear and set status flags
    • close - close a stream
    • eof - true if at the end-of-file
    • fail - true if an error occurred
    • fill - manipulate the default fill character
    • flags - access or manipulate io stream format flags
    • flush - empty the buffer
    • gcount - number of characters read during last input
    • get - read characters
    • getline - read a line of characters
    • good - true if no errors have occurred
    • ignore - read and discard characters
    • open - open a new stream
    • peek - check the next input character
    • precision - manipulate the precision of a stream
    • put - write characters
    • putback - return characters to a stream
    • rdstate - returns the state flags of the stream
    • read - read data into a buffer
    • seekg - perform random access on an input stream
    • seekp - perform random access on output streams
    • setf - set format flags
    • sync_with_stdio - synchronize with standard I/O
    • tellg - read input stream pointers
    • tellp - read output stream pointers
    • unsetf - clear io stream format flags
    • width - access and manipulate the minimum field width
    • write - write characters
  • C++ Lists
    • List constructors - create lists and initialize them with some data
    • List operators - assign and compare lists
    • assign - assign elements to a list
    • back - returns a reference to last element of a list
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the list
    • clear - removes all elements from the list
    • empty - true if the list has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a list
    • erase - removes elements from a list
    • front - returns a reference to the first element of a list
    • insert - inserts elements into the list
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the list can hold
    • merge - merge two lists
    • pop_back - removes the last element of a list
    • pop_front - removes the first element of the list
    • push_back - add an element to the end of the list
    • push_front - add an element to the front of the list
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the list
    • remove - removes elements from a list
    • remove_if - removes elements conditionally
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the list
    • resize - change the size of the list
    • reverse - reverse the list
    • size - returns the number of items in the list
    • sort - sorts a list into ascending order
    • splice - merge two lists in constant time
    • swap - swap the contents of this list with another
    • unique - removes consecutive duplicate elements
  • C++ Maps
    • Map constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate maps
    • Map operators - assign, compare, and access elements of a map
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the map
    • clear - removes all elements from the map
    • count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • empty - true if the map has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a map
    • equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • erase - removes elements from a map
    • find - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • insert - insert items into a map
    • key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
    • lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the map can hold
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the map
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the map
    • size - returns the number of items in the map
    • swap - swap the contents of this map with another
    • upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • value_comp - returns the function that compares values
  • Miscellaneous C++
    • auto_ptr - create pointers that automatically destroy objects
  • C++ Multimaps
    • Multimap constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multimaps
    • Multimap operators - assign and compare multimaps
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the multimap
    • clear - removes all elements from the multimap
    • count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • empty - true if the multimap has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a multimap
    • equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • erase - removes elements from a multimap
    • find - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • insert - inserts items into a multimap
    • key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
    • lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the multimap can hold
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the multimap
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the multimap
    • size - returns the number of items in the multimap
    • swap - swap the contents of this multimap with another
    • upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • value_comp - returns the function that compares values
  • C++ Multisets
    • Container constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multisets
    • Container operators - assign and compare multisets
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the multiset
    • clear - removes all elements from the multiset
    • count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • empty - true if the multiset has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a multiset
    • equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • erase - removes elements from a multiset
    • find - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • insert - inserts items into a multiset
    • key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
    • lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the multiset can hold
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the multiset
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the multiset
    • size - returns the number of items in the multiset
    • swap - swap the contents of this multiset with another
    • upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • value_comp - returns the function that compares values
  • C++ Priority Queues
    • Priority queue constructors - construct a new priority queue
    • empty - true if the priority queue has no elements
    • pop - removes the top element of a priority queue
    • push - adds an element to the end of the priority queue
    • size - returns the number of items in the priority queue
    • top - returns the top element of the priority queue
  • C++ Queues
    • Queue constructor - construct a new queue
    • back - returns a reference to last element of a queue
    • empty - true if the queue has no elements
    • front - returns a reference to the first element of a queue
    • pop - removes the first element of a queue
    • push - adds an element to the end of the queue
    • size - returns the number of items in the queue
  • C++ Sets
    • Set constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate sets
    • Set operators - assign and compare sets
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the set
    • clear - removes all elements from the set
    • count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
    • empty - true if the set has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a set
    • equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
    • erase - removes elements from a set
    • find - returns an iterator to specific elements
    • insert - insert items into a set
    • key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
    • lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the set can hold
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the set
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the set
    • size - returns the number of items in the set
    • swap - swap the contents of this set with another
    • upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
    • value_comp - returns the function that compares values
  • C++ String Streams
    • Constructors - create new string streams
    • Operators - read from and write to string streams
    • rdbuf - get the buffer for a string stream
    • str - get or set the stream's string
  • C++ Stacks
    • Stack constructors - construct a new stack
    • empty - true if the stack has no elements
    • pop - removes the top element of a stack
    • push - adds an element to the top of the stack
    • size - returns the number of items in the stack
    • top - returns the top element of the stack
  • C++ Strings
    • String constructors - create strings from arrays of characters and other strings
    • String operators - concatenate strings, assign strings, use strings for I/O, compare strings
    • append - append characters and strings onto a string
    • assign - give a string values from strings of characters and other C++ strings
    • at - returns the character at a specific location
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the string
    • c_str - returns a non-modifiable standard C character array version of the string
    • capacity - returns the number of characters that the string can hold
    • clear - removes all characters from the string
    • compare - compares two strings
    • copy - copies characters from a string into an array
    • data - returns a pointer to the first character of a string
    • empty - true if the string has no characters
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last character of a string
    • erase - removes characters from a string
    • find - find characters in the string
    • find_first_not_of - find first absence of characters
    • find_first_of - find first occurrence of characters
    • find_last_not_of - find last absence of characters
    • find_last_of - find last occurrence of characters
    • getline - read data from an I/O stream into a string
    • insert - insert characters into a string
    • length - returns the length of the string
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of characters that the string can hold
    • push_back - add a character to the end of the string
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the string
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the string
    • replace - replace characters in the string
    • reserve - sets the minimum capacity of the string
    • resize - change the size of the string
    • rfind - find the last occurrence of a substring
    • size - returns the number of items in the string
    • substr - returns a certain substring
    • swap - swap the contents of this string with another
  • C++ Vectors
    • Vector constructors - create vectors and initialize them with some data
    • Vector operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a vector
    • assign - assign elements to a vector
    • at - returns an element at a specific location
    • back - returns a reference to last element of a vector
    • begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the vector
    • capacity - returns the number of elements that the vector can hold
    • clear - removes all elements from the vector
    • empty - true if the vector has no elements
    • end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a vector
    • erase - removes elements from a vector
    • front - returns a reference to the first element of a vector
    • insert - inserts elements into the vector
    • max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the vector can hold
    • pop_back - removes the last element of a vector
    • push_back - add an element to the end of the vector
    • rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the vector
    • rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the vector
    • reserve - sets the minimum capacity of the vector
    • resize - change the size of the vector
    • size - returns the number of items in the vector
    • swap - swap the contents of this vector with another
  • C/C++ Keywords
    • asm - insert an assembly instruction
    • auto - declare a local variable
    • bool - declare a boolean variable
    • break - break out of a loop
    • case - a block of code in a switch statement
    • catch - handles exceptions from throw
    • char - declare a character variable
    • class - declare a class
    • const - declare immutable data or functions that do not change data
    • const_cast - cast from const variables
    • continue - bypass iterations of a loop
    • default - default handler in a case statement
    • delete - make memory available
    • do - looping construct
    • double - declare a double precision floating-point variable
    • dynamic_cast - perform runtime casts
    • else - alternate case for an if statement
    • enum - create enumeration types
    • explicit - only use constructors when they exactly match
    • export - allows template definitions to be separated from their declarations
    • extern - tell the compiler about variables defined elsewhere
    • false - the boolean value of false
    • float - declare a floating-point variable
    • for - looping construct
    • friend - grant non-member function access to private data
    • goto - jump to a different part of the program
    • if - execute code based off of the result of a test
    • inline - optimize calls to short functions
    • int - declare a integer variable
    • long - declare a long integer variable
    • mutable - override a const variable
    • namespace - partition the global namespace by defining a scope
    • new - allocate dynamic memory for a new variable
    • operator - create overloaded operator functions
    • private - declare private members of a class
    • protected - declare protected members of a class
    • public - declare public members of a class
    • register - request that a variable be optimized for speed
    • reinterpret_cast - change the type of a variable
    • return - return from a function
    • short - declare a short integer variable
    • signed - modify variable type declarations
    • sizeof - return the size of a variable or type
    • static - create permanent storage for a variable
    • static_cast - perform a nonpolymorphic cast
    • struct - define a new structure
    • switch - execute code based off of different possible values for a variable
    • template - create generic functions
    • this - a pointer to the current object
    • throw - throws an exception
    • true - the boolean value of true
    • try - execute code that can throw an exception
    • typedef - create a new type name from an existing type
    • typeid - describes an object
    • typename - declare a class or undefined type
    • union - a structure that assigns multiple variables to the same memory location
    • unsigned - declare an unsigned integer variable
    • using - import complete or partial namespaces into the current scope
    • virtual - create a function that can be overridden by a derived class
    • void - declare functions or data with no associated data type
    • volatile - warn the compiler about variables that can be modified unexpectedly
    • wchar_t - declare a wide-character variable
    • while - looping construct
  • C/C++ Pre-processor Commands
    • #, ## - manipulate strings
    • #define - define variables
    • #error - display an error message
    • #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #else, #elif, #endif - conditional operators
    • #include - insert the contents of another file
    • #line - set line and file information
    • #pragma - implementation specific command
    • #undef - used to undefine variables
    • Predefined preprocessor variables - miscellaneous preprocessor variables
  • Standard C Date & Time
    • asctime - a textual version of the time
    • clock - returns the amount of time that the program has been running
    • ctime - returns a specifically formatted version of the time
    • difftime - the difference between two times
    • gmtime - returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time
    • localtime - returns a pointer to the current time
    • mktime - returns the calendar version of a given time
    • setlocale - sets the current locale
    • strftime - returns individual elements of the date and time
    • time - returns the current calendar time of the system
  • Standard C I/O
    • clearerr - clears errors
    • fclose - close a file
    • feof - true if at the end-of-file
    • ferror - checks for a file error
    • fflush - writes the contents of the output buffer
    • fgetc - get a character from a stream
    • fgetpos - get the file position indicator
    • fgets - get a string of characters from a stream
    • fopen - open a file
    • fprintf - print formatted output to a file
    • fputc - write a character to a file
    • fputs - write a string to a file
    • fread - read from a file
    • freopen - open an existing stream with a different name
    • fscanf - read formatted input from a file
    • fseek - move to a specific location in a file
    • fsetpos - move to a specific location in a file
    • ftell - returns the current file position indicator
    • fwrite - write to a file
    • getc - read a character from a file
    • getchar - read a character from stdin
    • gets - read a string from stdin
    • perror - displays a string version of the current error to stderr
    • printf - write formatted output to stdout
    • putc - write a character to a stream
    • putchar - write a character to stdout
    • puts - write a string to stdout
    • remove - erase a file
    • rename - rename a file
    • rewind - move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
    • scanf - read formatted input from stdin
    • setbuf - set the buffer for a specific stream
    • setvbuf - set the buffer and size for a specific stream
    • sprintf - write formatted output to a buffer
    • sscanf - read formatted input from a buffer
    • tmpfile - return a pointer to a temporary file
    • tmpnam - return a unique filename
    • ungetc - puts a character back into a stream
    • vprintf, vfprintf, and vsprintf - write formatted output with variable argument lists
  • Standard C Math
    • abs - absolute value
    • acos - arc cosine
    • asin - arc sine
    • atan - arc tangent
    • atan2 - arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
    • ceil - the smallest integer not less than a certain value
    • cos - cosine
    • cosh - hyperbolic cosine
    • div - returns the quotient and remainder of a division
    • exp - returns "e" raised to a given power
    • fabs - absolute value for floating-point numbers
    • floor - returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
    • fmod - returns the remainder of a division
    • frexp - decomposes a number into scientific notation
    • labs - absolute value for long integers
    • ldexp - computes a number in scientific notation
    • ldiv - returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form
    • log - natural logarithm (to base e)
    • log10 - common logarithm (to base 10)
    • modf - decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
    • pow - returns a given number raised to another number
    • sin - sine
    • sinh - hyperbolic sine
    • sqrt - square root
    • tan - tangent
    • tanh - hyperbolic tangent
  • Standard C Memory
    • calloc - allocates and clears a two-dimensional chunk of memory
    • free - returns previously allocated memory to the operating system
    • malloc - allocates memory
    • realloc - changes the size of previously allocated memory
  • Other Standard C Functions
    • abort - stops the program
    • assert - stops the program if an expression isn't true
    • atexit - sets a function to be called when the program exits
    • bsearch - perform a binary search
    • exit - stop the program
    • getenv - get enviornment information about a variable
    • longjmp - start execution at a certain point in the program
    • qsort - perform a quicksort
    • raise - send a signal to the program
    • rand - returns a pseudorandom number
    • setjmp - set execution to start at a certain point
    • signal - register a function as a signal handler
    • srand - initialize the random number generator
    • system - perform a system call
    • va_arg - use variable length parameter lists
  • Standard C String and Character
    • atof - converts a string to a double
    • atoi - converts a string to an integer
    • atol - converts a string to a long
    • isalnum - true if a character is alphanumeric
    • isalpha - true if a character is alphabetic
    • iscntrl - true if a character is a control character
    • isdigit - true if a character is a digit
    • isgraph - true if a character is a graphical character
    • islower - true if a character is lowercase
    • isprint - true if a character is a printing character
    • ispunct - true if a character is punctuation
    • isspace - true if a character is a space character
    • isupper - true if a character is an uppercase character
    • isxdigit - true if a character is a hexidecimal character
    • memchr - searches an array for the first occurance of a character
    • memcmp - compares two buffers
    • memcpy - copies one buffer to another
    • memmove - moves one buffer to another
    • memset - fills a buffer with a character
    • strcat - concatenates two strings
    • strchr - finds the first occurance of a character in a string
    • strcmp - compares two strings
    • strcoll - compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
    • strcpy - copies one string to another
    • strcspn - searches one string for any characters in another
    • strerror - returns a text version of a given error code
    • strlen - returns the length of a given string
    • strncat - concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
    • strncmp - compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
    • strncpy - copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another
    • strpbrk - finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string
    • strrchr - finds the last occurance of a character in a string
    • strspn - returns the length of a substring of characters of a string
    • strstr - finds the first occurance of a substring of characters
    • strtod - converts a string to a double
    • strtok - finds the next token in a string
    • strtol - converts a string to a long
    • strtoul - converts a string to an unsigned long
    • strxfrm - converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions
    • tolower - converts a character to lowercase
    • toupper - converts a character to uppercase

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