C/C++ Reference

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Table of contents

All C++ Functions
- Bitset Constructors (C++ Bitsets) - create new bitsets
- Bitset Operators (C++ Bitsets) - compare and assign bitsets
- Vector constructors - create vectors and initialize them with some data
- Container constructors (C++ Double-ended Queues) - create containers and initialize them with some data
- Container constructors (C++ Lists) - create containers and initialize them with some data
- Container constructors & destructors (C++ Sets) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate containers
- Container constructors & destructors (C++ Multisets) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multisets
- Map constructors & destructors (C++ Maps) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate maps
- Multimap constructors & destructors (C++ Multimaps) - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate containers
- Container operators (C++ Lists) - assign and compare containers
- Container operators (C++ Sets) - assign and compare containers
- Container operators (C++ Multisets) - assign and compare containers
- Multimap operators (C++ Multimaps) - assign and compare containers
- Vector operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a vector
- Container operators (C++ Double-ended Queues) - compare, assign, and access elements of a container
- I/O Constructors (C++ I/O) - constructors
- Map operators (C++ Maps) - assign, compare, and access elements of a map
- Priority queue constructors (C++ Priority Queues) - construct a new priority queue
- Queue constructor (C++ Queues) - construct a new queue
- Stack constructors (C++ Stacks) - construct a new stack
- String constructors (C++ Strings) - create strings from arrays of characters and other strings
- String operators (C++ Strings) - concatenate strings, assign strings, use strings for I/O, compare strings
- accumulate (C++ Algorithms) - sum up a range of elements
- adjacent_difference (C++ Algorithms) - compute the differences between adjacent elements in a range
- adjacent_find (C++ Algorithms) - finds two items that are adjacent to eachother
- any (C++ Bitsets) - true if any bits are set
- append (C++ Strings) - append characters and strings onto a string
- assign (C++ Vectors) - assign elements to a container
- assign (C++ Double-ended Queues) - assign elements to a container
- assign (C++ Lists) - assign elements to a container
- assign (C++ Strings) - give a string values from strings of characters and other C++ strings
- at (C++ Vectors) - returns an element at a specific location
- at (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an element at a specific location
- at (C++ Strings) - returns an element at a specific location
- auto_ptr (Miscellaneous C++) - create pointers that automatically destroy objects
- back (C++ Vectors) - returns a reference to last element of a container
- back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reference to last element of a container
- back (C++ Lists) - returns a reference to last element of a container
- back (C++ Queues) - returns a reference to last element of a container
- bad (C++ I/O) - true if an error occurred
- begin (C++ Strings) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Vectors) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Lists) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- begin (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the beginning of the container
- binary_search (C++ Algorithms) - determine if an element exists in a certain range
- c_str (C++ Strings) - returns a standard C character array version of the string
- capacity (C++ Vectors) - returns the number of elements that the container can hold
- capacity (C++ Strings) - returns the number of elements that the container can hold
- clear (C++ I/O) - clear and set status flags
- clear (C++ Strings) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Vectors) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Lists) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Sets) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Multisets) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Maps) - removes all elements from the container
- clear (C++ Multimaps) - removes all elements from the container
- close (C++ I/O) - close a stream
- compare (C++ Strings) - compares two strings
- copy (C++ Strings) - copies characters from a string into an array
- copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy some range of elements to a new location
- copy_backward (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements in backwards order
- copy_n (C++ Algorithms) - copy N elements
- count (C++ Sets) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- count (C++ Multisets) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- count (C++ Maps) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- count (C++ Multimaps) - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- count (C++ Bitsets) - returns the number of set bits
- count (C++ Algorithms) - return the number of elements matching a given value
- count_if (C++ Algorithms) - return the number of elements for which a predicate is true
- data (C++ Strings) - returns a pointer to the first character of a string
- empty (C++ Strings) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Vectors) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Double-ended Queues) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Lists) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Sets) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Multisets) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Maps) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Multimaps) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Stacks) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Queues) - true if the container has no elements
- empty (C++ Priority Queues) - true if the container has no elements
- end (C++ Strings) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Vectors) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Lists) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- end (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator just past the last element of a container
- eof (C++ I/O) - true if at the end-of-file
- equal (C++ Algorithms) - determine if two sets of elements are the same
- equal_range (C++ Sets) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- equal_range (C++ Multisets) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- equal_range (C++ Maps) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- equal_range (C++ Multimaps) - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- equal_range (C++ Algorithms) - search for a range of elements that are all equal to a certain element
- erase (C++ Strings) - removes elements from a string
- erase (C++ Vectors) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Lists) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Sets) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Multisets) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Maps) - removes elements from a container
- erase (C++ Multimaps) - removes elements from a container
- fail (C++ I/O) - true if an error occurred
- fill (C++ I/O) - manipulate the default fill character
- fill (C++ Algorithms) - assign a range of elements a certain value
- fill_n (C++ Algorithms) - assign a value to some number of elements
- find (C++ Algorithms) - find a value in a given range
- find (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to specific elements
- find (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to specific elements
- find (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to specific elements
- find (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to specific elements
- find (C++ Strings) - find characters in the string
- find_end (C++ Algorithms) - find the last sequence of elements in a certain range
- find_first_not_of (C++ Strings) - find first absence of characters
- find_first_of (C++ Strings) - find first occurrence of characters
- find_first_of (C++ Algorithms) - search for any one of a set of elements
- find_if (C++ Algorithms) - find the first element for which a certain predicate is true
- find_last_not_of (C++ Strings) - find last absence of characters
- find_last_of (C++ Strings) - find last occurrence of characters
- flags (C++ I/O) - access or manipulate io stream format flags
- flip (C++ Bitsets) - reverses the bitset
- flush (C++ I/O) - empty the buffer
- for_each (C++ Algorithms) - apply a function to a range of elements
- front (C++ Vectors) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
- front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
- front (C++ Lists) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
- front (C++ Queues) - returns a reference to the first element of a container
- gcount (C++ I/O) - number of characters read during last input
- generate (C++ Algorithms) - saves the result of a function in a range
- generate_n (C++ Algorithms) - saves the result of N applications of a function
- get (C++ I/O) - read characters
- getline (C++ I/O) - read a line of characters
- getline (C++ Strings) - read data from an I/O stream into a string
- good (C++ I/O) - true if no errors have occurred
- ignore (C++ I/O) - read and discard characters
- includes (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if one set is a subset of another
- inner_product (C++ Algorithms) - compute the inner product of two ranges of elements
- inplace_merge (C++ Algorithms) - merge two ordered ranges in-place
- insert (C++ Strings) - insert characters into a string
- insert (C++ Vectors) - inserts elements into the container
- insert (C++ Double-ended Queues) - inserts elements into the container
- insert (C++ Lists) - inserts elements into the container
- insert (C++ Sets) - insert items into a container
- insert (C++ Multisets) - inserts items into a container
- insert (C++ Multimaps) - inserts items into a container
- insert (C++ Maps) - insert items into a container
- is_heap (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if a given range is a heap
- is_sorted (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if a range is sorted in ascending order
- iter_swap (C++ Algorithms) - swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators
- key_comp (C++ Sets) - returns the function that compares keys
- key_comp (C++ Multisets) - returns the function that compares keys
- key_comp (C++ Maps) - returns the function that compares keys
- key_comp (C++ Multimaps) - returns the function that compares keys
- length (C++ Strings) - returns the length of the string
- lexicographical_compare (C++ Algorithms) - returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
- lexicographical_compare_3way (C++ Algorithms) - determines if one range is lexicographically less than or greater than another
- lower_bound (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- lower_bound (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- lower_bound (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- lower_bound (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- lower_bound (C++ Algorithms) - search for the first place that a value can be inserted while preserving order
- make_heap (C++ Algorithms) - creates a heap out of a range of elements
- max (C++ Algorithms) - returns the larger of two elements
- max_element (C++ Algorithms) - returns the largest element in a range
- max_size (C++ Strings) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Vectors) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Lists) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Sets) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Multisets) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Maps) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- max_size (C++ Multimaps) - returns the maximum number of elements that the container can hold
- merge (C++ Lists) - merge two lists
- merge (C++ Algorithms) - merge two sorted ranges
- min (C++ Algorithms) - returns the smaller of two elements
- min_element (C++ Algorithms) - returns the smallest element in a range
- mismatch (C++ Algorithms) - finds the first position where two ranges differ
- next_permutation (C++ Algorithms) - generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
- none (C++ Bitsets) - true if no bits are set
- nth_element (C++ Algorithms) - put one element in its sorted location and make sure that no elements to its left are greater than any elements to its right
- open (C++ I/O) - create an input stream
- partial_sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort the first N elements of a range
- partial_sort_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy and partially sort a range of elements
- partial_sum (C++ Algorithms) - compute the partial sum of a range of elements
- partition (C++ Algorithms) - divide a range of elements into two groups
- peek (C++ I/O) - check the next input character
- pop (C++ Stacks) - removes the top element of a container
- pop (C++ Queues) - removes the top element of a container
- pop (C++ Priority Queues) - removes the top element of a container
- pop_back (C++ Vectors) - removes the last element of a container
- pop_back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes the last element of a container
- pop_back (C++ Lists) - removes the last element of a container
- pop_front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - removes the first element of the container
- pop_front (C++ Lists) - removes the first element of the container
- pop_heap (C++ Algorithms) - remove the largest element from a heap
- precision (C++ I/O) - manipulate the precision of a stream
- prev_permutation (C++ Algorithms) - generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
- push (C++ Stacks) - adds an element to the top of the container
- push (C++ Queues) - adds an element to the end of the container
- push (C++ Priority Queues) - adds an element to the end of the container
- push_back (C++ Vectors) - add an element to the end of the container
- push_back (C++ Double-ended Queues) - add an element to the end of the container
- push_back (C++ Lists) - add an element to the end of the container
- push_back (C++ Strings) - add an element to the end of the container
- push_front (C++ Double-ended Queues) - add an element to the front of the container
- push_front (C++ Lists) - add an element to the front of the container
- push_heap (C++ Algorithms) - add an element to a heap
- put (C++ I/O) - write characters
- putback (C++ I/O) - return characters to a stream
- random_sample (C++ Algorithms) - randomly copy elements from one range to another
- random_sample_n (C++ Algorithms) - sample N random elements from a range
- random_shuffle (C++ Algorithms) - randomly re-order elements in some range
- rbegin (C++ Vectors) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Strings) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Lists) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Sets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Multisets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Maps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rbegin (C++ Multimaps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the container
- rdstate (C++ I/O) - returns the state flags of the stream
- read (C++ I/O) - read data into a buffer
- remove (C++ Lists) - removes elements from a list
- remove (C++ Algorithms) - remove elements equal to certain value
- remove_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements omitting those that match a certian value
- remove_copy_if (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of a range of elements, omitting any for which a predicate is true
- remove_if (C++ Lists) - removes elements conditionally
- remove_if (C++ Algorithms) - remove all elements for which a predicate is true
- rend (C++ Vectors) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Strings) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Lists) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Sets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Multisets) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Maps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- rend (C++ Multimaps) - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the container
- replace (C++ Strings) - replace characters in the string
- replace (C++ Algorithms) - replace every occurrence of some value in a range with another value
- replace_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range, replacing certain elements with new ones
- replace_copy_if (C++ Algorithms) - copy a range of elements, replacing those for which a predicate is true
- replace_if (C++ Algorithms) - change the values of elements for which a predicate is true
- reserve (C++ Vectors) - sets the minimum capacity of the container
- reserve (C++ Strings) - sets the minimum capacity of the container
- reset (C++ Bitsets) - sets bits to zero
- resize (C++ Vectors) - change the size of the container
- resize (C++ Double-ended Queues) - change the size of the container
- resize (C++ Lists) - change the size of the container
- resize (C++ Strings) - change the size of the container
- reverse (C++ Lists) - reverse the list
- reverse (C++ Algorithms) - reverse elements in some range
- reverse_copy (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of a range that is reversed
- rfind (C++ Strings) - find the last occurrence of a substring
- rotate (C++ Algorithms) - move the elements in some range to the left by some amount
- rotate_copy (C++ Algorithms) - copy and rotate a range of elements
- search (C++ Algorithms) - search for a range of elements
- search_n (C++ Algorithms) - search for N consecutive copies of an element in some range
- seekg (C++ I/O) - perform random access on an input stream
- seekp (C++ I/O) - perform random access on output streams
- set (C++ Bitsets) - sets bits
- set_difference (C++ Algorithms) - computes the difference between two sets
- set_intersection (C++ Algorithms) - computes the intersection of two sets
- set_symmetric_difference (C++ Algorithms) - computes the symmetric difference between two sets
- set_union (C++ Algorithms) - computes the union of two sets
- setf (C++ I/O) - set format flags
- size (C++ Strings) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Vectors) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Double-ended Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Lists) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Sets) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Multisets) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Maps) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Multimaps) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Stacks) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Priority Queues) - returns the number of items in the container
- size (C++ Bitsets) - number of bits that the bitset can hold
- sort (C++ Lists) - sorts a list into ascending order
- sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort a range into ascending order
- sort_heap (C++ Algorithms) - turns a heap into a sorted range of elements
- splice (C++ Lists) - merge two lists in constant time
- stable_partition (C++ Algorithms) - divide elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
- stable_sort (C++ Algorithms) - sort a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
- substr (C++ Strings) - returns a certain substring
- swap (C++ Strings) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Vectors) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Double-ended Queues) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Lists) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Sets) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Multisets) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Maps) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Multimaps) - swap the contents of this container with another
- swap (C++ Algorithms) - swap the values of two objects
- swap_ranges (C++ Algorithms) - swaps two ranges of elements
- sync_with_stdio (C++ I/O) - synchronize with standard I/O
- tellg (C++ I/O) - read input stream pointers
- tellp (C++ I/O) - read output stream pointers
- test (C++ Bitsets) - returns the value of a given bit
- to_string (C++ Bitsets) - string representation of the bitset
- to_ulong (C++ Bitsets) - returns an integer representation of the bitset
- top (C++ Stacks) - returns the top element of the container
- top (C++ Priority Queues) - returns the top element of the container
- transform (C++ Algorithms) - applies a function to a range of elements
- unique (C++ Lists) - removes consecutive duplicate elements
- unique (C++ Algorithms) - remove consecutive duplicate elements in a range
- unique_copy (C++ Algorithms) - create a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
- unsetf (C++ I/O) - clear io stream format flags
- upper_bound (C++ Sets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- upper_bound (C++ Multisets) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- upper_bound (C++ Maps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- upper_bound (C++ Multimaps) - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- upper_bound (C++ Algorithms) - searches for the last possible location to insert an element into an ordered range
- value_comp (C++ Sets) - returns the function that compares values
- value_comp (C++ Multisets) - returns the function that compares values
- value_comp (C++ Maps) - returns the function that compares values
- value_comp (C++ Multimaps) - returns the function that compares values
- width (C++ I/O) - access and manipulate the minimum field width
- write (C++ I/O) - write characters
All C Functions
- #, ## - manipulate strings
- #define - define variables
- #error - display an error message
- #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #else, #elif, #endif - conditional operators
- #include - insert the contents of another file
- #line - set line and file information
- #pragma - implementation specific command
- #undef - used to undefine variables
- Predefined preprocessor variables - miscellaneous preprocessor variables
- abort - stops the program
- abs - absolute value
- acos - arc cosine
- asctime - a textual version of the time
- asin - arc sine
- assert - stops the program if an expression isn't true
- atan - arc tangent
- atan2 - arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
- atexit - sets a function to be called when the program exits
- atof - converts a string to a double
- atoi - converts a string to an integer
- atol - converts a string to a long
- bsearch - perform a binary search
- calloc - allocates and clears a two-dimensional chunk of memory
- ceil - the smallest integer not less than a certain value
- clearerr - clears errors
- clock - returns the amount of time that the program has been running
- cos - cosine
- cosh - hyperbolic cosine
- ctime - returns a specifically formatted version of the time
- difftime - the difference between two times
- div - returns the quotient and remainder of a division
- exit - stop the program
- exp - returns "e" raised to a given power
- fabs - absolute value for floating-point numbers
- fclose - close a file
- feof - true if at the end-of-file
- ferror - checks for a file error
- fflush - writes the contents of the output buffer
- fgetc - get a character from a stream
- fgetpos - get the file position indicator
- fgets - get a string of characters from a stream
- floor - returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
- fmod - returns the remainder of a division
- fopen - open a file
- fprintf - print formatted output to a file
- fputc - write a character to a file
- fputs - write a string to a file
- fread - read from a file
- free - returns previously allocated memory to the operating system
- freopen - open an existing stream with a different name
- frexp - decomposes a number into scientific notation
- fscanf - read formatted input from a file
- fseek - move to a specific location in a file
- fsetpos - move to a specific location in a file
- ftell - returns the current file position indicator
- fwrite - write to a file
- getc - read a character from a file
- getchar - read a character from STDIN
- getenv - get enviornment information about a variable
- gets - read a string from STDIN
- gmtime - returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time
- isalnum - true if a character is alphanumeric
- isalpha - true if a character is alphabetic
- iscntrl - true if a character is a control character
- isdigit - true if a character is a digit
- isgraph - true if a character is a graphical character
- islower - true if a character is lowercase
- isprint - true if a character is a printing character
- ispunct - true if a character is punctuation
- isspace - true if a character is a space character
- isupper - true if a character is an uppercase character
- isxdigit - true if a character is a hexidecimal character
- labs - absolute value for long integers
- ldexp - computes a number in scientific notation
- ldiv - returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form
- localtime - returns a pointer to the current time
- log - natural logarithm
- log10 - natural logarithm, in base 10
- longjmp - start execution at a certain point in the program
- malloc - allocates memory
- memchr - searches an array for the first occurance of a character
- memcmp - compares two buffers
- memcpy - copies one buffer to another
- memmove - moves one buffer to another
- memset - fills a buffer with a character
- mktime - returns the calendar version of a given time
- modf - decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
- perror - displays a string version of the current error to STDERR
- pow - returns a given number raised to another number
- printf - write formatted output to STDOUT
- putc - write a character to a stream
- putchar - write a character to STDOUT
- puts - write a string to STDOUT
- qsort - perform a quicksort
- raise - send a signal to the program
- rand - returns a pseudorandom number
- realloc - changes the size of previously allocated memory
- remove - erase a file
- rename - rename a file
- rewind - move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
- scanf - read formatted input from STDIN
- setbuf - set the buffer for a specific stream
- setjmp - set execution to start at a certain point
- setlocale - sets the current locale
- setvbuf - set the buffer and size for a specific stream
- signal - register a function as a signal handler
- sin - sine
- sinh - hyperbolic sine
- sprintf - write formatted output to a buffer
- sqrt - square root
- srand - initialize the random number generator
- sscanf - read formatted input from a buffer
- strcat - concatenates two strings
- strchr - finds the first occurance of a character in a string
- strcmp - compares two strings
- strcoll - compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
- strcpy - copies one string to another
- strcspn - searches one string for any characters in another
- strerror - returns a text version of a given error code
- strftime - returns individual elements of the date and time
- strlen - returns the length of a given string
- strncat - concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
- strncmp - compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
- strncpy - copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another
- strpbrk - finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string
- strrchr - finds the last occurance of a character in a string
- strspn - returns the length of a substring of characters of a string
- strstr - finds the first occurance of a substring of characters
- strtod - converts a string to a double
- strtok - finds the next token in a string
- strtol - converts a string to a long
- strtoul - converts a string to an unsigned long
- strxfrm - converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions
- system - perform a system call
- tan - tangent
- tanh - hyperbolic tangent
- time - returns the current calendar time of the system
- tmpfile - return a pointer to a temporary file
- tmpnam - return a unique filename
- tolower - converts a character to lowercase
- toupper - converts a character to uppercase
- ungetc - puts a character back into a stream
- va_arg - use variable length parameter lists
- vprintf, vfprintf, and vsprintf - write formatted output with variable argument lists
C++ Algorithms
- accumulate - sum up a range of elements
- adjacent_difference - compute the differences between adjacent elements in a range
- adjacent_find - finds two items that are adjacent to eachother
- binary_search - determine if an element exists in a certain range
- copy - copy some range of elements to a new location
- copy_backward - copy a range of elements in backwards order
- copy_n - copy N elements
- count - return the number of elements matching a given value
- count_if - return the number of elements for which a predicate is true
- equal - determine if two sets of elements are the same
- equal_range - search for a range of elements that are all equal to a certain element
- fill - assign a range of elements a certain value
- fill_n - assign a value to some number of elements
- find - find a value in a given range
- find_end - find the last sequence of elements in a certain range
- find_first_of - search for any one of a set of elements
- find_if - find the first element for which a certain predicate is true
- for_each - apply a function to a range of elements
- generate - saves the result of a function in a range
- generate_n - saves the result of N applications of a function
- includes - returns true if one set is a subset of another
- inner_product - compute the inner product of two ranges of elements
- inplace_merge - merge two ordered ranges in-place
- is_heap - returns true if a given range is a heap
- is_sorted - returns true if a range is sorted in ascending order
- iter_swap - swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators
- lexicographical_compare - returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
- lexicographical_compare_3way - determines if one range is lexicographically less than or greater than another
- lower_bound - search for the first place that a value can be inserted while preserving order
- make_heap - creates a heap out of a range of elements
- max - returns the larger of two elements
- max_element - returns the largest element in a range
- merge - merge two sorted ranges
- min - returns the smaller of two elements
- min_element - returns the smallest element in a range
- mismatch - finds the first position where two ranges differ
- next_permutation - generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
- nth_element - put one element in its sorted location and make sure that no elements to its left are greater than any elements to its right
- partial_sort - sort the first N elements of a range
- partial_sort_copy - copy and partially sort a range of elements
- partial_sum - compute the partial sum of a range of elements
- partition - divide a range of elements into two groups
- pop_heap - remove the largest element from a heap
- prev_permutation - generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
- push_heap - add an element to a heap
- random_sample - randomly copy elements from one range to another
- random_sample_n - sample N random elements from a range
- random_shuffle - randomly re-order elements in some range
- remove - remove elements equal to certain value
- remove_copy - copy a range of elements omitting those that match a certian value
- remove_copy_if - create a copy of a range of elements, omitting any for which a predicate is true
- remove_if - remove all elements for which a predicate is true
- replace - replace every occurrence of some value in a range with another value
- replace_copy - copy a range, replacing certain elements with new ones
- replace_copy_if - copy a range of elements, replacing those for which a predicate is true
- replace_if - change the values of elements for which a predicate is true
- reverse - reverse elements in some range
- reverse_copy - create a copy of a range that is reversed
- rotate - move the elements in some range to the left by some amount
- rotate_copy - copy and rotate a range of elements
- search - search for a range of elements
- search_n - search for N consecutive copies of an element in some range
- set_difference - computes the difference between two sets
- set_intersection - computes the intersection of two sets
- set_symmetric_difference - computes the symmetric difference between two sets
- set_union - computes the union of two sets
- sort - sort a range into ascending order
- sort_heap - turns a heap into a sorted range of elements
- stable_partition - divide elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
- stable_sort - sort a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
- swap - swap the values of two objects
- swap_ranges - swaps two ranges of elements
- transform - applies a function to a range of elements
- unique - remove consecutive duplicate elements in a range
- unique_copy - create a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
- upper_bound - searches for the last possible location to insert an element into an ordered range
C++ Bitsets
- Bitset Constructors - create new bitsets
- Bitset Operators - compare and assign bitsets
- any - true if any bits are set
- count - returns the number of set bits
- flip - reverses the bitset
- none - true if no bits are set
- reset - sets bits to zero
- set - sets bits
- size - number of bits that the bitset can hold
- test - returns the value of a given bit
- to_string - string representation of the bitset
- to_ulong - returns an integer representation of the bitset
C++ Double-ended Queues
- Container constructors - create dequeues and initialize them with some data
- Container operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a dequeue
- assign - assign elements to a dequeue
- at - returns an element at a specific location
- back - returns a reference to last element of a dequeue
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the dequeue
- clear - removes all elements from the dequeue
- empty - true if the dequeue has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a dequeue
- erase - removes elements from a dequeue
- front - returns a reference to the first element of a dequeue
- insert - inserts elements into the dequeue
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the dequeue can hold
- pop_back - removes the last element of a dequeue
- pop_front - removes the first element of the dequeue
- push_back - add an element to the end of the dequeue
- push_front - add an element to the front of the dequeue
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the dequeue
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the dequeue
- resize - change the size of the dequeue
- size - returns the number of items in the dequeue
- swap - swap the contents of this dequeue with another
C++ I/O
- I/O Constructors - constructors
- bad - true if an error occurred
- clear - clear and set status flags
- close - close a stream
- eof - true if at the end-of-file
- fail - true if an error occurred
- fill - manipulate the default fill character
- flags - access or manipulate io stream format flags
- flush - empty the buffer
- gcount - number of characters read during last input
- get - read characters
- getline - read a line of characters
- good - true if no errors have occurred
- ignore - read and discard characters
- open - open a new stream
- peek - check the next input character
- precision - manipulate the precision of a stream
- put - write characters
- putback - return characters to a stream
- rdstate - returns the state flags of the stream
- read - read data into a buffer
- seekg - perform random access on an input stream
- seekp - perform random access on output streams
- setf - set format flags
- sync_with_stdio - synchronize with standard I/O
- tellg - read input stream pointers
- tellp - read output stream pointers
- unsetf - clear io stream format flags
- width - access and manipulate the minimum field width
- write - write characters
C++ Lists
- List constructors - create lists and initialize them with some data
- List operators - assign and compare lists
- assign - assign elements to a list
- back - returns a reference to last element of a list
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the list
- clear - removes all elements from the list
- empty - true if the list has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a list
- erase - removes elements from a list
- front - returns a reference to the first element of a list
- insert - inserts elements into the list
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the list can hold
- merge - merge two lists
- pop_back - removes the last element of a list
- pop_front - removes the first element of the list
- push_back - add an element to the end of the list
- push_front - add an element to the front of the list
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the list
- remove - removes elements from a list
- remove_if - removes elements conditionally
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the list
- resize - change the size of the list
- reverse - reverse the list
- size - returns the number of items in the list
- sort - sorts a list into ascending order
- splice - merge two lists in constant time
- swap - swap the contents of this list with another
- unique - removes consecutive duplicate elements
C++ Maps
- Map constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate maps
- Map operators - assign, compare, and access elements of a map
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the map
- clear - removes all elements from the map
- count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- empty - true if the map has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a map
- equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- erase - removes elements from a map
- find - returns an iterator to specific elements
- insert - insert items into a map
- key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
- lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the map can hold
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the map
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the map
- size - returns the number of items in the map
- swap - swap the contents of this map with another
- upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- value_comp - returns the function that compares values
Miscellaneous C++
- auto_ptr - create pointers that automatically destroy objects
C++ Multimaps
- Multimap constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multimaps
- Multimap operators - assign and compare multimaps
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the multimap
- clear - removes all elements from the multimap
- count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- empty - true if the multimap has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a multimap
- equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- erase - removes elements from a multimap
- find - returns an iterator to specific elements
- insert - inserts items into a multimap
- key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
- lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the multimap can hold
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the multimap
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the multimap
- size - returns the number of items in the multimap
- swap - swap the contents of this multimap with another
- upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- value_comp - returns the function that compares values
C++ Multisets
- Container constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate multisets
- Container operators - assign and compare multisets
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the multiset
- clear - removes all elements from the multiset
- count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- empty - true if the multiset has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a multiset
- equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- erase - removes elements from a multiset
- find - returns an iterator to specific elements
- insert - inserts items into a multiset
- key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
- lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the multiset can hold
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the multiset
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the multiset
- size - returns the number of items in the multiset
- swap - swap the contents of this multiset with another
- upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- value_comp - returns the function that compares values
C++ Priority Queues
- Priority queue constructors - construct a new priority queue
- empty - true if the priority queue has no elements
- pop - removes the top element of a priority queue
- push - adds an element to the end of the priority queue
- size - returns the number of items in the priority queue
- top - returns the top element of the priority queue
C++ Queues
- Queue constructor - construct a new queue
- back - returns a reference to last element of a queue
- empty - true if the queue has no elements
- front - returns a reference to the first element of a queue
- pop - removes the first element of a queue
- push - adds an element to the end of the queue
- size - returns the number of items in the queue
C++ Sets
- Set constructors & destructors - default methods to allocate, copy, and deallocate sets
- Set operators - assign and compare sets
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the set
- clear - removes all elements from the set
- count - returns the number of elements matching a certain key
- empty - true if the set has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a set
- equal_range - returns iterators to the first and just past the last elements matching a specific key
- erase - removes elements from a set
- find - returns an iterator to specific elements
- insert - insert items into a set
- key_comp - returns the function that compares keys
- lower_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than or equal to a certain value
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the set can hold
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the set
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the set
- size - returns the number of items in the set
- swap - swap the contents of this set with another
- upper_bound - returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
- value_comp - returns the function that compares values
C++ String Streams
- Constructors - create new string streams
- Operators - read from and write to string streams
- rdbuf - get the buffer for a string stream
- str - get or set the stream's string
C++ Stacks
- Stack constructors - construct a new stack
- empty - true if the stack has no elements
- pop - removes the top element of a stack
- push - adds an element to the top of the stack
- size - returns the number of items in the stack
- top - returns the top element of the stack
C++ Strings
- String constructors - create strings from arrays of characters and other strings
- String operators - concatenate strings, assign strings, use strings for I/O, compare strings
- append - append characters and strings onto a string
- assign - give a string values from strings of characters and other C++ strings
- at - returns the character at a specific location
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the string
- c_str - returns a non-modifiable standard C character array version of the string
- capacity - returns the number of characters that the string can hold
- clear - removes all characters from the string
- compare - compares two strings
- copy - copies characters from a string into an array
- data - returns a pointer to the first character of a string
- empty - true if the string has no characters
- end - returns an iterator just past the last character of a string
- erase - removes characters from a string
- find - find characters in the string
- find_first_not_of - find first absence of characters
- find_first_of - find first occurrence of characters
- find_last_not_of - find last absence of characters
- find_last_of - find last occurrence of characters
- getline - read data from an I/O stream into a string
- insert - insert characters into a string
- length - returns the length of the string
- max_size - returns the maximum number of characters that the string can hold
- push_back - add a character to the end of the string
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the string
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the string
- replace - replace characters in the string
- reserve - sets the minimum capacity of the string
- resize - change the size of the string
- rfind - find the last occurrence of a substring
- size - returns the number of items in the string
- substr - returns a certain substring
- swap - swap the contents of this string with another
C++ Vectors
- Vector constructors - create vectors and initialize them with some data
- Vector operators - compare, assign, and access elements of a vector
- assign - assign elements to a vector
- at - returns an element at a specific location
- back - returns a reference to last element of a vector
- begin - returns an iterator to the beginning of the vector
- capacity - returns the number of elements that the vector can hold
- clear - removes all elements from the vector
- empty - true if the vector has no elements
- end - returns an iterator just past the last element of a vector
- erase - removes elements from a vector
- front - returns a reference to the first element of a vector
- insert - inserts elements into the vector
- max_size - returns the maximum number of elements that the vector can hold
- pop_back - removes the last element of a vector
- push_back - add an element to the end of the vector
- rbegin - returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the vector
- rend - returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the vector
- reserve - sets the minimum capacity of the vector
- resize - change the size of the vector
- size - returns the number of items in the vector
- swap - swap the contents of this vector with another
C/C++ Keywords
- asm - insert an assembly instruction
- auto - declare a local variable
- bool - declare a boolean variable
- break - break out of a loop
- case - a block of code in a switch statement
- catch - handles exceptions from throw
- char - declare a character variable
- class - declare a class
- const - declare immutable data or functions that do not change data
- const_cast - cast from const variables
- continue - bypass iterations of a loop
- default - default handler in a case statement
- delete - make memory available
- do - looping construct
- double - declare a double precision floating-point variable
- dynamic_cast - perform runtime casts
- else - alternate case for an if statement
- enum - create enumeration types
- explicit - only use constructors when they exactly match
- export - allows template definitions to be separated from their declarations
- extern - tell the compiler about variables defined elsewhere
- false - the boolean value of false
- float - declare a floating-point variable
- for - looping construct
- friend - grant non-member function access to private data
- goto - jump to a different part of the program
- if - execute code based off of the result of a test
- inline - optimize calls to short functions
- int - declare a integer variable
- long - declare a long integer variable
- mutable - override a const variable
- namespace - partition the global namespace by defining a scope
- new - allocate dynamic memory for a new variable
- operator - create overloaded operator functions
- private - declare private members of a class
- protected - declare protected members of a class
- public - declare public members of a class
- register - request that a variable be optimized for speed
- reinterpret_cast - change the type of a variable
- return - return from a function
- short - declare a short integer variable
- signed - modify variable type declarations
- sizeof - return the size of a variable or type
- static - create permanent storage for a variable
- static_cast - perform a nonpolymorphic cast
- struct - define a new structure
- switch - execute code based off of different possible values for a variable
- template - create generic functions
- this - a pointer to the current object
- throw - throws an exception
- true - the boolean value of true
- try - execute code that can throw an exception
- typedef - create a new type name from an existing type
- typeid - describes an object
- typename - declare a class or undefined type
- union - a structure that assigns multiple variables to the same memory location
- unsigned - declare an unsigned integer variable
- using - import complete or partial namespaces into the current scope
- virtual - create a function that can be overridden by a derived class
- void - declare functions or data with no associated data type
- volatile - warn the compiler about variables that can be modified unexpectedly
- wchar_t - declare a wide-character variable
- while - looping construct
C/C++ Pre-processor Commands
- #, ## - manipulate strings
- #define - define variables
- #error - display an error message
- #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #else, #elif, #endif - conditional operators
- #include - insert the contents of another file
- #line - set line and file information
- #pragma - implementation specific command
- #undef - used to undefine variables
- Predefined preprocessor variables - miscellaneous preprocessor variables
Standard C Date & Time
- asctime - a textual version of the time
- clock - returns the amount of time that the program has been running
- ctime - returns a specifically formatted version of the time
- difftime - the difference between two times
- gmtime - returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time
- localtime - returns a pointer to the current time
- mktime - returns the calendar version of a given time
- setlocale - sets the current locale
- strftime - returns individual elements of the date and time
- time - returns the current calendar time of the system
Standard C I/O
- clearerr - clears errors
- fclose - close a file
- feof - true if at the end-of-file
- ferror - checks for a file error
- fflush - writes the contents of the output buffer
- fgetc - get a character from a stream
- fgetpos - get the file position indicator
- fgets - get a string of characters from a stream
- fopen - open a file
- fprintf - print formatted output to a file
- fputc - write a character to a file
- fputs - write a string to a file
- fread - read from a file
- freopen - open an existing stream with a different name
- fscanf - read formatted input from a file
- fseek - move to a specific location in a file
- fsetpos - move to a specific location in a file
- ftell - returns the current file position indicator
- fwrite - write to a file
- getc - read a character from a file
- getchar - read a character from stdin
- gets - read a string from stdin
- perror - displays a string version of the current error to stderr
- printf - write formatted output to stdout
- putc - write a character to a stream
- putchar - write a character to stdout
- puts - write a string to stdout
- remove - erase a file
- rename - rename a file
- rewind - move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
- scanf - read formatted input from stdin
- setbuf - set the buffer for a specific stream
- setvbuf - set the buffer and size for a specific stream
- sprintf - write formatted output to a buffer
- sscanf - read formatted input from a buffer
- tmpfile - return a pointer to a temporary file
- tmpnam - return a unique filename
- ungetc - puts a character back into a stream
- vprintf, vfprintf, and vsprintf - write formatted output with variable argument lists
Standard C Math
- abs - absolute value
- acos - arc cosine
- asin - arc sine
- atan - arc tangent
- atan2 - arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
- ceil - the smallest integer not less than a certain value
- cos - cosine
- cosh - hyperbolic cosine
- div - returns the quotient and remainder of a division
- exp - returns "e" raised to a given power
- fabs - absolute value for floating-point numbers
- floor - returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
- fmod - returns the remainder of a division
- frexp - decomposes a number into scientific notation
- labs - absolute value for long integers
- ldexp - computes a number in scientific notation
- ldiv - returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form
- log - natural logarithm (to base e)
- log10 - common logarithm (to base 10)
- modf - decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
- pow - returns a given number raised to another number
- sin - sine
- sinh - hyperbolic sine
- sqrt - square root
- tan - tangent
- tanh - hyperbolic tangent
Standard C Memory
- calloc - allocates and clears a two-dimensional chunk of memory
- free - returns previously allocated memory to the operating system
- malloc - allocates memory
- realloc - changes the size of previously allocated memory
Other Standard C Functions
- abort - stops the program
- assert - stops the program if an expression isn't true
- atexit - sets a function to be called when the program exits
- bsearch - perform a binary search
- exit - stop the program
- getenv - get enviornment information about a variable
- longjmp - start execution at a certain point in the program
- qsort - perform a quicksort
- raise - send a signal to the program
- rand - returns a pseudorandom number
- setjmp - set execution to start at a certain point
- signal - register a function as a signal handler
- srand - initialize the random number generator
- system - perform a system call
- va_arg - use variable length parameter lists
Standard C String and Character
- atof - converts a string to a double
- atoi - converts a string to an integer
- atol - converts a string to a long
- isalnum - true if a character is alphanumeric
- isalpha - true if a character is alphabetic
- iscntrl - true if a character is a control character
- isdigit - true if a character is a digit
- isgraph - true if a character is a graphical character
- islower - true if a character is lowercase
- isprint - true if a character is a printing character
- ispunct - true if a character is punctuation
- isspace - true if a character is a space character
- isupper - true if a character is an uppercase character
- isxdigit - true if a character is a hexidecimal character
- memchr - searches an array for the first occurance of a character
- memcmp - compares two buffers
- memcpy - copies one buffer to another
- memmove - moves one buffer to another
- memset - fills a buffer with a character
- strcat - concatenates two strings
- strchr - finds the first occurance of a character in a string
- strcmp - compares two strings
- strcoll - compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
- strcpy - copies one string to another
- strcspn - searches one string for any characters in another
- strerror - returns a text version of a given error code
- strlen - returns the length of a given string
- strncat - concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
- strncmp - compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
- strncpy - copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another
- strpbrk - finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string
- strrchr - finds the last occurance of a character in a string
- strspn - returns the length of a substring of characters of a string
- strstr - finds the first occurance of a substring of characters
- strtod - converts a string to a double
- strtok - finds the next token in a string
- strtol - converts a string to a long
- strtoul - converts a string to an unsigned long
- strxfrm - converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions
- tolower - converts a character to lowercase
- toupper - converts a character to uppercase

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