Measurement Fundamentals Download the archived PDF Table of contents Measurement Fundamentals Measurement System Overview Signals Analog Connecting Analog Input Signals Signal Sources Floating Signal Sources Grounded Signal Sources Measurement System Types Differential Rejecting Common-Mode Voltages Single-Ended Pseudodifferential Connecting Analog Output Signals Sampling Considerations Device Range Input Limits Sampling Rate Resolution Code Width Digital Connecting Digital I/O Signals Counters Digital Logic States Duty Cycle Signal Analysis Filtering Windowing Signal Conditioning Amplification Linearization Transducer Excitation Isolation Common Sensors TEDS Writing Data to TEDS Sensors Strain Gages Bridge Configurations Signal Conditioning Temperature Sensors RTDs Platinum RTD Types Callendar-Van Dusen Equation Signal Conditioning Thermistors Signal Conditioning Thermocouples Signal Conditioning Encoders Quadrature Encoders Two-Pulse Encoders Z Indexing Accelerometers LVDTs RVDTs Microphones 2-Wire Resistance 4-Wire Resistance Synchronization Types of Synchronization Sources of Error Jitter Stability Accuracy Skew Control PID Real Time Loop Cycle Time Jitter Overview Event Response next page