#include <cstdlib> int abs( int num );
The abs() function returns the absolute value of num. For example:
int magic_number = 10; cout << "Enter a guess: "; cin >> x; cout << "Your guess was " << abs( magic_number - x ) << " away from the magic number." << endl;
#include <cmath> double acos( double arg );
The acos() function returns the arc cosine of arg, which will be in the range [0, pi]. arg should be between -1 and 1. If arg is outside this range, acos() returns NAN and raises a floating-point exception.
#include <cmath> double asin( double arg );
The asin() function returns the arc sine of arg, which will be in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. arg should be between -1 and 1. If arg is outside this range, asin() returns NAN and raises a floating-point exception.
#include <cmath> double atan( double arg );
The function atan() returns the arc tangent of arg, which will be in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2].
#include <cmath> double atan2( double y, double x );
The atan2() function computes the arc tangent of y/x, using the signs of the arguments to compute the quadrant of the return value.
Note the order of the arguments passed to this function.
#include <cmath> double ceil( double num );
The ceil() function returns the smallest integer no less than num. For example,
y = 6.04; x = ceil( y );
would set x to 7.0.
#include <cmath> double cos( double arg );
The cos() function returns the cosine of arg, where arg is expressed in radians. The return value of cos() is in the range [-1,1]. If arg is infinite, cos() will return NAN and raise a floating-point exception.
#include <cmath> double cosh( double arg );
The function cosh() returns the hyperbolic cosine of arg.
#include <cstdlib> div_t div( int numerator, int denominator );
The function div() returns the quotient and remainder of the operation numerator / denominator. The div_t structure is defined in cstdlib, and has at least:
int quot; // The quotient int rem; // The remainder
For example, the following code displays the quotient and remainder of x/y:
div_t temp; temp = div( x, y ); printf( "%d divided by %d yields %d with a remainder of %d\n", x, y, temp.quot, temp.rem );
#include <cmath> double exp( double arg );
The exp() function returns e (2.7182818) raised to the argth power.
#include <cmath> double fabs( double arg );
The function fabs() returns the absolute value of arg.
#include <cmath> double floor( double arg );
The function floor() returns the largest integer not greater than arg. For example,
y = 6.04; x = floor( y );
would result in x being set to 6.0.
#include <cmath> double fmod( double x, double y );
The fmod() function returns the remainder of x/y.
#include <cmath> double frexp( double num, int* exp );
The function frexp() is used to decompose num into two parts: a mantissa between 0.5 and 1 (returned by the function) and an exponent returned as exp. Scientific notation works like this:
num = mantissa * (2 ^ exp)
#include <cstdlib> long labs( long num );
The function labs() returns the absolute value of num.
#include <cmath> double ldexp( double num, int exp );
The ldexp() function returns num * (2 ^ exp). And get this: if an overflow occurs, HUGE_VAL is returned.
#include <cstdlib> ldiv_t ldiv( long numerator, long denominator );
Testing: adiv_t, div_t, ldiv_t.
The ldiv() function returns the quotient and remainder of the operation numerator / denominator. The ldiv_t structure is defined in cstdlib and has at least:
long quot; // the quotient long rem; // the remainder
#include <cmath> double log( double num );
The function log() returns the natural (base e) logarithm of num. There's a domain error if num is negative, a range error if num is zero.
In order to calculate the logarithm of x to an arbitrary base b, you can use:
double answer = log(x) / log(b);
#include <cmath> double log10( double num );
The log10() function returns the base 10 (or common) logarithm for num. There's a domain error if num is negative, a range error if num is zero.
#include <cmath> double modf( double num, double *i );
The function modf() splits num into its integer and fraction parts. It returns the fractional part and loads the integer part into i.
#include <cmath> double pow( double base, double exp );
The pow() function returns base raised to the expth power. There's a domain error if base is zero and exp is less than or equal to zero. There's also a domain error if base is negative and exp is not an integer. There's a range error if an overflow occurs.
#include <cmath> double sin( double arg );
The function sin() returns the sine of arg, where arg is given in radians. The return value of sin() will be in the range [-1,1]. If arg is infinite, sin() will return NAN and raise a floating-point exception.
#include <cmath> double sinh( double arg );
The function sinh() returns the hyperbolic sine of arg.
#include <cmath> double sqrt( double num );
The sqrt() function returns the square root of num. If num is negative, a domain error occurs.
#include <cmath> double tan( double arg );
The tan() function returns the tangent of arg, where arg is given in radians. If arg is infinite, tan() will return NAN and raise a floating-point exception.
#include <cmath> double tanh( double arg );
The function tanh() returns the hyperbolic tangent of arg.