bcp_init
Initializes bulk copy operation.
Syntax
RETCODE bcp_init (
HDBC hdbc,
LPCTSTR szTable,
LPCTSTR szDataFile,
LPCTSTR szErrorFile,
INT eDirection );
Arguments
hdbc
Is the bulk copy-enabled ODBC connection handle.
szTable
Is the name of the database table to be copied into or out of. This name can also include the database name or the owner name. For example, pubs.gracie.titles, pubs..titles, gracie.titles, and titles are all legal table names.
If eDirection is DB_OUT, szTable can also be the name of a database view.
If eDirection is DB_OUT and a SELECT statement is specified using bcp_control before bcp_exec is called, bcp_init szTable must be set to NULL.
szDataFile
Is the name of the user file to be copied into or out of. If data is being copied directly from variables by using bcp_sendrow, set szDataFile to NULL.
szErrorFile
Is the name of the error file to be filled with progress messages, error messages, and copies of any rows that, for any reason, could not be copied from a user file to a table. If NULL is passed as szErrorFile, no error file is used.
eDirection
Is the direction of the copy, either DB_IN or DB_OUT. DB_IN indicates a copy from program variables or a user file to a table. DB_OUT indicates a copy from a database table to a user file. You must specify a user file name with DB_OUT.
Returns
SUCCEED or FAIL.
Remarks
Call bcp_init before calling any other bulk-copy function. bcp_init performs the necessary initializations for a bulk copy of data between the workstation and Microsoft® SQL Server™.
The bcp_init function must be provided with an ODBC connection handle enabled for use with bulk copy functions. To enable the handle, use SQLSetConnectAttr with SQL_COPT_SS_BCP set to SQL_BCP_ON on an allocated, but not connected, connection handle. Attempting to assign the attribute on a connected handle results in an error.
When a data file is specified, bcp_init examines the structure of the database source or target table, not the data file. bcp_init specifies data format values for the data file based on each column in the database table, view, or SELECT result set. This specification includes the data type of each column, the presence or absence of a length or null indicator and terminator byte strings in the data, and the width of fixed-length data types. bcp_init sets these values as follows:
- The data type specified is the data type of the column in the database table, view, or SELECT result set. The data type is enumerated by SQL Server native data types specified in Odbcss.h. Data itself is represented in its computer form. That is, data from a column of integer data type is represented by a four-byte sequence that is big-or little-endian based on the computer that created the data file.
- If a database data type is fixed in length, the data file data is also fixed in length. Bulk-copy functions that process data (for example, bcp_exec) parse data rows expecting the length of the data in the data file to be identical to the length of the data specified in the database table, view, or SELECT column list. For example, data for a database column defined as char(13) must be represented by 13 characters for each row of data in the file. Fixed-length data can be prefixed with a null indicator if the database column allows null values.
- When terminator-byte sequence is defined, the length of the terminator-byte sequence is set to 0.
- When copying to SQL Server, the data file must have data for each column in the database table. When copying from SQL Server, data from all columns in the database table, view, or SELECT result set are copied to the data file.
- When copying to SQL Server, the ordinal position of a column in the data file must be identical to the ordinal position of the column in the database table. When copying from SQL Server, bcp_exec places data based on the ordinal position of the column in the database table.
- If a database data type is variable in length (for example, varbinary(22)) or if a database column can contain null values, data in the data file is prefixed by a length/null indicator. The width of the indicator varies based on the data type and version of bulk copy. The bcp_control option BCP6xFILEFMT provides compatibility between earlier bulk copy data files and servers running later versions of SQL Server by indicating when the width of indicators in the data is narrower than expected.
To change data format values specified for a data file, call bcp_columns and bcp_colfmt.
Bulk copies to SQL Server can be optimized for tables that do not contain indexes by setting the database option select into/bulkcopy (see the example). For more information, see Optimizing Bulk Copy Performance.
If no data file is used, you must call bcp_bind to specify the format and location in memory of the data for each column, then copy data rows to the SQL Server using bcp_sendrow.
Example
Setting the select into/bulkcopy option allows faster bulk copies for tables that do not contain indexes.
...
// Variables like henv not specified.
HDBC hdbc;
SQLHSTMT hstmt;
// Application initiation, get an ODBC environment handle, allocate the
// hdbc, and so on.
...
// Enable bulk copy prior to connecting on allocated hdbc.
SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc, SQL_COPT_SS_BCP, (SQLPOINTER) SQL_BCP_ON,
SQL_IS_INTEGER);
// Connect to the data source, return on error.
if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(SQLConnect(hdbc, _T("myDSN"), SQL_NTS,
_T("myUser"), SQL_NTS, _T("myPwd"), SQL_NTS)))
{
// Raise error and return.
return;
}
// Get a statement handle and set the select into/bulkcopy database
// option to TRUE.
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(SQLExecDirect(hstmt,
_T("sp_dboption 'mydb', 'select into/bulkcopy', 'true'"),
SQL_NTS)))
{
// Raise error and return.
return;
}
// Flush the statement handle.
while (SQL_SUCCEEDED(SQLMoreResults(hstmt)))
;
// Initialize bulk copy, perform copies, and so on.
...
// Turn off the select into/bulkcopy database option.
if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(SQLExecDirect(hstmt,
_T("sp_dboption 'mydb', 'select into/bulkcopy', 'false'"),
SQL_NTS)))
{
// Raise error and return.
return;
}
// Carry on.
...