Tk Library Procedures - Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj manual page

Tcl/Tk

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Tcl/Tk Applications | Tcl Commands | Tk Commands | Tcl Library | Tk Library

Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj, Tk_GetBitmap, Tk_GetBitmapFromObj, Tk_DefineBitmap, Tk_NameOfBitmap, Tk_SizeOfBitmap, Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj, Tk_FreeBitmap - maintain database of single-plane pixmaps

SYNOPSIS

#include <tk.h>

Pixmap

Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj(interp, tkwin, objPtr)

Pixmap

Tk_GetBitmap(interp, tkwin, info)

Pixmap

Tk_GetBitmapFromObj(tkwin, objPtr)

int

Tk_DefineBitmap(interp, name, source, width, height)

const char *

Tk_NameOfBitmap(display, bitmap)

Tk_SizeOfBitmap(display, bitmap, widthPtr, heightPtr)

Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj(tkwin, objPtr)

Tk_FreeBitmap(display, bitmap)

NAME

Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj, Tk_GetBitmap, Tk_GetBitmapFromObj, Tk_DefineBitmap, Tk_NameOfBitmap, Tk_SizeOfBitmap, Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj, Tk_FreeBitmap - maintain database of single-plane pixmaps

#include <tk.h>
Pixmap
Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj(interp, tkwin, objPtr)
Pixmap
Tk_GetBitmap(interp, tkwin, info)
Pixmap
Tk_GetBitmapFromObj(tkwin, objPtr)
int
Tk_DefineBitmap(interp, name, source, width, height)
const char *
Tk_NameOfBitmap(display, bitmap)
Tk_SizeOfBitmap(display, bitmap, widthPtr, heightPtr)
Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj(tkwin, objPtr)
Tk_FreeBitmap(display, bitmap)

ARGUMENTS

Tcl_Interp *interp (in): Interpreter to use for error reporting; if NULL then no error message is left after errors.
Tk_Window tkwin (in): Token for window in which the bitmap will be used.
Tcl_Obj *objPtr (in/out): String value describes desired bitmap; internal rep will be modified to cache pointer to corresponding Pixmap.
const char *info (in): Same as objPtr except description of bitmap is passed as a string and resulting Pixmap is not cached.
const char *name (in): Name for new bitmap to be defined.
const char *source (in): Data for bitmap, in standard bitmap format. Must be stored in static memory whose value will never change.
int width (in): Width of bitmap.
int height (in): Height of bitmap.
int *widthPtr (out): Pointer to word to fill in with bitmap's width.
int *heightPtr (out): Pointer to word to fill in with bitmap's height.
Display *display (in): Display for which bitmap was allocated.
Pixmap bitmap (in): Identifier for a bitmap allocated by Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap.

DESCRIPTION

These procedures manage a collection of bitmaps (one-plane pixmaps) being used by an application. The procedures allow bitmaps to be re-used efficiently, thereby avoiding server overhead, and also allow bitmaps to be named with character strings.

Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj returns a Pixmap identifier for a bitmap that matches the description in objPtr and is suitable for use in tkwin. It re-uses an existing bitmap, if possible, and creates a new one otherwise. ObjPtr's value must have one of the following forms:

@fileName

FileName must be the name of a file containing a bitmap description in the standard X11 or X10 format.

name

Name must be the name of a bitmap defined previously with a call to Tk_DefineBitmap. The following names are pre-defined by Tk:

error: The international “don't” symbol: a circle with a diagonal line across it.
gray75: 75% gray: a checkerboard pattern where three out of four bits are on.
gray50: 50% gray: a checkerboard pattern where every other bit is on.
gray25: 25% gray: a checkerboard pattern where one out of every four bits is on.
gray12: 12.5% gray: a pattern where one-eighth of the bits are on, consisting of every fourth pixel in every other row.
hourglass: An hourglass symbol.
info: A large letter “i”.
questhead: The silhouette of a human head, with a question mark in it.
question: A large question-mark.
warning: A large exclamation point.

In addition, the following pre-defined names are available only on the Macintosh platform:

document: A generic document.
stationery: Document stationery.
edition: The edition symbol.
application: Generic application icon.
accessory: A desk accessory.
folder: Generic folder icon.
pfolder: A locked folder.
trash: A trash can.
floppy: A floppy disk.
ramdisk: A floppy disk with chip.
cdrom: A cd disk icon.
preferences: A folder with prefs symbol.
querydoc: A database document icon.
stop: A stop sign.
note: A face with balloon words.
caution: A triangle with an exclamation point.

Under normal conditions, Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj returns an identifier for the requested bitmap. If an error occurs in creating the bitmap, such as when objPtr refers to a non-existent file, then None is returned and an error message is left in interp's result if interp is not NULL. Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj caches information about the return value in objPtr, which speeds up future calls to procedures such as Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj and Tk_GetBitmapFromObj.

Tk_GetBitmap is identical to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj except that the description of the bitmap is specified with a string instead of an object. This prevents Tk_GetBitmap from caching the return value, so Tk_GetBitmap is less efficient than Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj.

Tk_GetBitmapFromObj returns the token for an existing bitmap, given the window and description used to create the bitmap. Tk_GetBitmapFromObj does not actually create the bitmap; the bitmap must already have been created with a previous call to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap. The return value is cached in objPtr, which speeds up future calls to Tk_GetBitmapFromObj with the same objPtr and tkwin.

Tk_DefineBitmap associates a name with in-memory bitmap data so that the name can be used in later calls to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap. The nameId argument gives a name for the bitmap; it must not previously have been used in a call to Tk_DefineBitmap. The arguments source, width, and height describe the bitmap. Tk_DefineBitmap normally returns TCL_OK; if an error occurs (e.g. a bitmap named nameId has already been defined) then TCL_ERROR is returned and an error message is left in interp->result. Note: Tk_DefineBitmap expects the memory pointed to by source to be static: Tk_DefineBitmap does not make a private copy of this memory, but uses the bytes pointed to by source later in calls to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap.

Typically Tk_DefineBitmap is used by #include-ing a bitmap file directly into a C program and then referencing the variables defined by the file. For example, suppose there exists a file stip.bitmap, which was created by the bitmap program and contains a stipple pattern. The following code uses Tk_DefineBitmap to define a new bitmap named foo:

Pixmap bitmap;
#include "stip.bitmap"
Tk_DefineBitmap(interp, "foo", stip_bits,
    stip_width, stip_height);
	...
bitmap = Tk_GetBitmap(interp, tkwin, "foo");

This code causes the bitmap file to be read at compile-time and incorporates the bitmap information into the program's executable image. The same bitmap file could be read at run-time using Tk_GetBitmap:

Pixmap bitmap;
bitmap = Tk_GetBitmap(interp, tkwin, "@stip.bitmap");

The second form is a bit more flexible (the file could be modified after the program has been compiled, or a different string could be provided to read a different file), but it is a little slower and requires the bitmap file to exist separately from the program.

Tk maintains a database of all the bitmaps that are currently in use. Whenever possible, it will return an existing bitmap rather than creating a new one. When a bitmap is no longer used, Tk will release it automatically. This approach can substantially reduce server overhead, so Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj and Tk_GetBitmap should generally be used in preference to Xlib procedures like XReadBitmapFile.

The bitmaps returned by Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj and Tk_GetBitmap are shared, so callers should never modify them. If a bitmap must be modified dynamically, then it should be created by calling Xlib procedures such as XReadBitmapFile or XCreatePixmap directly.

The procedure Tk_NameOfBitmap is roughly the inverse of Tk_GetBitmap. Given an X Pixmap argument, it returns the textual description that was passed to Tk_GetBitmap when the bitmap was created. Bitmap must have been the return value from a previous call to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap.

Tk_SizeOfBitmap returns the dimensions of its bitmap argument in the words pointed to by the widthPtr and heightPtr arguments. As with Tk_NameOfBitmap, bitmap must have been created by Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap.

When a bitmap is no longer needed, Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj or Tk_FreeBitmap should be called to release it. For Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj the bitmap to release is specified with the same information used to create it; for Tk_FreeBitmap the bitmap to release is specified with its Pixmap token. There should be exactly one call to Tk_FreeBitmapFromObj or Tk_FreeBitmap for each call to Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj or Tk_GetBitmap.

BUGS

In determining whether an existing bitmap can be used to satisfy a new request, Tk_AllocBitmapFromObj and Tk_GetBitmap consider only the immediate value of the string description. For example, when a file name is passed to Tk_GetBitmap, Tk_GetBitmap will assume it is safe to re-use an existing bitmap created from the same file name: it will not check to see whether the file itself has changed, or whether the current directory has changed, thereby causing the name to refer to a different file.

KEYWORDS

bitmap, pixmap

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