documentation.HELP! Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Documentation

Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Help

Microsoft Office Excel 2003

Table of contents

• Startup and Settings
  • What's new in Microsoft Office Excel 2003
  • What's new in Microsoft Office 2003
  • Getting Help
    • Open the Office Readme file
    • Get information about your program and computer
    • Icons in the Search Results task pane
    • Show or hide the Type a question for help box
    • Change the appearance of a Help topic
    • Print a Help topic
    • Troubleshoot Help
    • The Office Assistant
      • About tips and messages from the Office Assistant
      • Select a different Office Assistant
      • Display tips and messages through the Office Assistant
      • Hide or show the Office Assistant
      • Turn the Office Assistant sound on or off
      • Show or hide the Office Assistant in wizards
    • Other Resources
      • About the Office Resource Kit
      • About research services
      • About getting help while you work
      • Add or change research services
      • Get Help for Visual Basic for Applications
      • Complete an Office Web-based training course
      • Look up words in the dictionary
      • Get help from Microsoft Product Support services
      • Look up words in the thesaurus
      • Research search tips
      • Reference Encarta Encyclopedia
      • Show the Tip of the Day when an Office program starts
      • Microsoft Office Online
        • Search for help, templates, and additional online content on Microsoft Office Online
        • Give feedback for Microsoft Office Online or an Office program
        • About product activation in Microsoft Office System products
  • Accessibility
    • About creating accessible Office documents
    • Accessibility features in Excel
    • Accessibility features in Office Help
    • Using screen readers with Help
    • Keyboard Shortcuts
      • Keyboard shortcuts
  • Installing and Customizing
    • Install or remove individual components in Office
    • Excel specifications and limits
    • What's installed with Excel
    • Change Office's appearance
    • Customize
    • Automatically repair Office programs
    • About disabled features
    • What happened to the Office Shortcut Bar?
    • Troubleshoot installing an Office program
    • Stop being prompted to get updates for a document
    • Changing What You See on the Screen
      • Show or hide multiple program buttons on the Windows Taskbar
      • Change the screen resolution
      • Show all buttons or commands
      • Show all windows on the Windows desktop
    • Changing Defaults and Settings
      • About the default working folder
      • Customize how Excel starts
      • Show or hide actual fonts in the font list
      • Change the color palette in a workbook
      • Automatically start an Office program when you turn on your computer
      • Change the program that starts when you open a file
      • Turn off the Office Clipboard
      • Show or hide toolbar ScreenTips
      • Show or hide shortcut keys in ScreenTips
    • Toolbars and Commands
      • About menus and toolbars
      • Create a custom toolbar
      • Add a button, menu, or command
      • Assign a hyperlink to a toolbar button or menu command
      • Delete a button or menu command
      • Move or copy a button, menu, or menu command
      • Assign or change a keyboard accelerator
      • Attach a custom toolbar to a workbook
      • Group related buttons and menus on a toolbar
      • Move a submenu anywhere on the screen
      • Rename a button, menu command, or menu
      • Delete a toolbar or menu
      • Show or hide a toolbar
      • Move a toolbar
      • Animate menus
      • Resize a toolbar
      • Add, change, or delete sounds used with buttons and menu commands
      • Change a picture on a button
      • Change the size of a toolbar button or drop-down list box
      • Display an icon, text or both on a menu command or button
      • Rename a custom toolbar
      • Restore original settings for buttons, commands, or toolbars
      • Save more than one toolbar configuration
      • Use custom toolbars from earlier Excel versions
      • Troubleshoot toolbars and menus
    • Components and Add-Ins
      • About add-in programs
      • Add-in programs included with Excel
      • Load or unload add-in programs
      • Troubleshoot add-ins
    • Upgrading Excel
      • Upgrading from earlier product versions
  • Managing Files
    • Copy the window or screen contents
    • Format a disk
    • Creating and Opening Workbooks
      • Move a file
      • Copy a file
      • Open/Save As
      • Create a new workbook
      • Open a file
      • Open an Office Binder file
      • Rename a file
      • Select multiple files
      • Add an open file to the Favorites folder
      • Delete a file
      • Connect to a network drive
      • Go back to the previous drive, folder, or Internet location
      • Troubleshoot opening files
    • Finding Files and Setting Properties
      • About finding files
      • Find a file
      • Tips for finding files
      • Change the default working folder
      • Add or delete a shortcut from the My Places bar
      • Troubleshoot finding files
      • Show, hide, or change the list of recently used workbooks on the File menu
      • Set or clear read-only status for a workbook file
      • Tips for better search results
      • View all hidden file types and file name extensions
      • File Properties
        • About file properties
        • View file properties
        • Change file properties
        • Create custom file properties
        • Create custom file properties for the active document
    • Saving and Closing Files
      • About places to save files
      • Save a file
      • Change the default file format for saving workbooks
      • Display the Properties dialog box when saving workbooks
      • Save an Office document as a TIFF file
      • Troubleshoot saving files
      • Save a workbook in another file format
      • Save workbooks in an arranged workspace
      • Troubleshoot saving and closing files
      • About enabling and disabling the AutoRepublish feature
    • Templates
      • About Excel templates and forms
      • About templates
      • Create a template
      • Settings you can save in a template
      • Troubleshoot templates
    • File Recovery
      • About document recovery
      • About Office Safe Mode
      • Change the save interval for automatic file recovery
      • Recover files
      • Enable items that were disabled by Office Safe Mode
      • Recover a program that is not responding
      • Troubleshoot file recovery
  • Handwriting and Speech
    • Show or hide the Language bar
    • Handwriting Recognition
      • About handwriting recognition
      • About ink features in Office
      • Install handwriting recognition
      • Use handwriting recognition
      • Handwriting recognition toolbars
      • Change handwriting recognition options
      • Change the handwriting recognition language
      • Correct handwriting
      • Select ink
      • Copy and paste ink
      • About using ink in Excel
      • Delete ink
      • Change color of ink
      • Insert ink in a worksheet
      • Switch pens
      • Change thickness of ink
      • Resize ink
      • Troubleshoot ink in Excel
      • Delete all ink annotations
      • Handwriting in East Asian Languages
        • About handwriting recognition in East Asian languages
        • Use handwriting recognition in East Asian languages
        • Change handwriting recognition options in East Asian languages
        • Handwriting recognition toolbars in East Asian languages
        • Troubleshoot handwriting recognition in East Asian languages
    • Speech Recognition
      • About speech recognition
      • Installing and Training
        • Install and train speech recognition
        • Position the speech recognition microphone
        • Create and use speech recognition user profiles
      • Using Speech Recognition
        • About speech playback
        • Getting started with speech recognition
        • Format text by using speech recognition
        • Things you can do and say with speech recognition
        • Use speech recognition
        • How to speak to a computer
        • Play back worksheet data
        • Turn on or off the speech recognition microphone
        • Switch between using Dictation and Voice Command modes
        • Turn off speech playback
        • Add to or delete from the speech recognition dictionary
        • Correct speech recognition errors
        • Language bar speech recognition messages
      • Speech Recognition Options
        • Change speech playback settings
        • Change speech recognition engines
    • Troubleshoot Handwriting and Speech Recognition
      • Troubleshoot handwriting recognition
      • Troubleshoot speech recognition
• Printing
  • About printing
  • Print
  • Cancel printing
  • Print discussions
  • Check the progress of your print job
  • Print preview commands
  • Troubleshoot printing
  • Print
  • Printer Setup
    • Find a printer
    • Set up a new printer
    • Set the default printer
  • Print Options
    • Print a worksheet to fit a paper width or a number of pages
    • Select a paper source
    • Print in black and white
    • Preview a page before printing
    • Print landscape or portrait
    • Print with or without cell gridlines
    • Print more than one copy
    • Send a fax
    • Set paper size for printing
    • Set print resolution and quality
    • Set the printing order of pages
    • Add, delete, or move page breaks
    • Define what part of the worksheet to print
    • Set margins for printing
    • Print row and column headings or labels on every page
    • Replace error values when printing
    • Print a workbook to a file
    • Print a worksheet with formulas displayed
  • Headers and Footers
    • Add headers and footers for printing
    • Change the font in header and footer text
    • Change the page number for the first page
    • Insert date and time in a header or footer
    • Insert a graphic in a header or footer
    • Insert a file name in a header or footer
• Workbooks and Worksheets
  • Troubleshoot workbooks and worksheets
  • About Document Workspaces
  • Formatting Worksheets
    • Change the color of cell gridlines
    • Delete sheets
    • Display or hide a workbook or sheet
    • Display or hide rows or columns
    • Display or hide scroll bars
    • Display or hide sheet tabs
    • Add color to sheet tabs
    • Display or hide the status bar
    • Hide cell gridlines
    • Insert a new worksheet
    • Name cells in a workbook
    • Move or copy sheets
    • Rename a sheet
    • Troubleshoot formatting worksheets
    • Page Setup
  • Arranging Windows and Viewing Worksheets
    • About viewing workbooks and worksheets
    • Change the number of worksheets in a new workbook
    • Close workbook windows
    • Remove the split from a window or unfreeze a pane
    • Reset workbook and worksheet settings
    • Switch to full or normal screen view
    • View multiple sheets or workbooks at the same time
    • View two parts of a sheet by splitting or freezing panes
    • Zoom the display
    • Minimize a window
    • Minimize all program windows on the Windows desktop
    • Restore a minimized window
    • Compare workbooks side by side
  • Saving Display and Print Settings as a View
    • Create or delete custom views
    • Display a custom view
    • Print a custom view
• Working with Data
  • Entering Data
    • About filling in data based on adjacent cells
    • Create, change, or delete a custom fill series
    • Change which cell is selected next
    • Insert a symbol
    • Stop automatically completing file names and URLs
    • Turn on or off automatic completion of cell entries
    • Turn on or off drag-and-drop editing
    • Turn on or off the message about overwriting non-blank cells
    • Troubleshoot entering and selecting data
    • About single-mapped cells
    • Format Cells
    • Entering and Editing Data
      • Enter data in worksheet cells
      • Allow editing directly in a cell or restrict editing to the formula bar
  • Selecting Data
    • Scroll through a worksheet
    • Select data or cells
    • Select named ranges or cell references
    • Select sheets
    • Select cells containing specific data
    • Show or hide the total row in a list
    • Troubleshoot entering and selecting data
  • Editing Data
    • Change the separator for thousands and decimals
    • Clear cell formats or contents
    • Delete cells, rows, or columns
    • Edit cell contents
    • Insert blank cells, rows, or columns
    • Stop automatic corrections
    • Turn on or off Insert Options
    • Transpose rows and columns
    • Undo or redo an action
    • Use a data entry form to edit a range or list
    • Troubleshoot editing data
    • Troubleshoot automatic corrections
    • Troubleshoot data validation
    • Add or delete rows or columns to a list
    • Create a list
    • Find and Replace
    • Spell Checking
      • About checking and correcting spelling
      • Check spelling
      • Create a custom dictionary
      • Troubleshoot spelling
  • Copying and Moving Data
    • About moving and copying data
    • Create a consecutive list of dates
    • Display or hide the fill handle
    • Fill data within a row or column
    • Find cells that match a format
    • Find text or numbers
    • Move or copy cells
    • Move rows or columns
    • Prevent copied blank cells from replacing data
    • Replace text or numbers
    • Turn on or off Paste Options
    • Paste Special
    • Using the Office Clipboard
      • About collecting and pasting multiple items
      • Collect and paste among programs
      • Display the contents of the Office Clipboard
      • Clear items from the Office Clipboard
      • Turn Office Clipboard command options on or off
      • Troubleshoot collecting and pasting
  • Filtering and Sorting Data
    • About filtering
    • Filter a range
    • Filter by using advanced criteria
    • Filter for unique records
    • Find a record by using a data form
    • Guidelines for entering data on a worksheet
    • Remove filters
    • Wildcard characters
    • Default sort orders
    • Sort a range
    • When a range contains some numbers stored as text
    • Troubleshoot sorting
    • Sort
  • Using Lists
    • About lists
    • Publish a list
    • Convert a list to a range
    • About list features
    • About publishing lists
    • Unlink a list
  • Importing Data
    • About importing data
    • Import a text file
    • Import or connect to data
    • Troubleshoot importing data
    • Working with OLAP Data
      • About installing OLAP providers
      • About OLAP source data in PivotTable and PivotChart reports
      • About offline cube files
      • Create an offline cube file from an OLAP server database
      • Create an OLAP query file to connect to an OLAP database
      • Delete an offline cube file
      • Include different data in an offline cube file
      • Reconnect to an OLAP server
      • Refresh an offline cube file
      • Work with OLAP data offline
      • Troubleshoot OLAP cubes
    • Creating and Running Queries
      • Change the query for an external data range
      • Copy an external data range and its underlying query
      • Customize a parameter query
      • Run a query in the background or while you wait
    • Setting Up Microsoft Query and Data Sources
      • About installing an ODBC driver
      • About sharing data connections
      • Data sources you can access
    • Working with External Data on a Worksheet
      • About OLAP source data in PivotTable and PivotChart reports
      • Change how an imported text file looks
      • Change the name of an external data range
      • Copy formulas when an external data range expands
      • Create a report template for importing data
      • Customize field names in an external data range
      • Delete an external data range
      • Find an external data range
      • Freeze data in an external data range
      • Refresh imported data
      • Specify how new data is added to an external data range
  • Formatting Data
    • About formatting worksheets and data
    • Borders and Shading
      • Apply or remove cell borders
      • Apply or remove cell shading
      • Apply a border around a page
      • Add or remove a sheet background pattern
    • Conditional Formatting
      • Add, change, or remove conditional formats
      • Find cells that have conditional formats
    • Cell Size and Text Positioning
      • Change column width and row height
      • Define the default column width
      • Display multiple lines of text within a cell
      • Position data in a cell
    • Number Formats
      • Add or remove a currency symbol
      • Change the number of decimal places displayed
      • Convert numbers stored as text to numbers
      • Create or delete a custom number format
      • Display minus signs on negative numbers
      • Display numbers as dates or times
      • Display numbers as fractions or percentages
      • Display numbers as postal codes, Social Security numbers, or phone numbers
      • Display numbers with scientific notation
      • Display or hide all values in a cell
      • Display or hide the thousands separator in a number
      • Format numbers as text
      • Number format codes
      • Reset a number format
      • Stop rounding numbers
    • Styles
      • Apply a style
      • Copy styles from another workbook
      • Create or delete a style
      • Save styles to use in new workbooks
    • Text and Data
      • Apply or remove automatic formatting on a range of cells
      • Change formatting of text
      • Copy formats from one cell or range to another
      • Merge or split cells or data
      • Turn on or off extended formats and formulas
  • Validating Cell Entries
    • Change data validation settings
    • Copy data validation settings
    • Designate valid cell entries
    • Display or hide circles around invalid data
    • Find cells that have data validation
    • Remove data validation
    • Enter data in a cell from a list you specify
    • Troubleshoot data validation
  • Analyzing Data
    • Summarizing Data in Lists and Tables
      • Troubleshoot lists
      • Automatic Subtotals
        • About subtotals
        • Insert subtotals
        • Remove subtotals
        • Summary functions for data analysis
      • Outlining
        • About outlining a worksheet
        • Create an outline
        • Show or hide outlined data
        • Remove an outline
        • Troubleshoot outlining a worksheet
      • Consolidation
        • About consolidating data
        • Consolidate data
        • Change a data consolidation
        • Troubleshoot data consolidation
        • Summary functions for data analysis
    • Performing What-If Analysis on Worksheet Data
      • About Goal Seek
      • Adjust the value of a cell to get a specific result for another cell
      • Data Tables
        • About data tables
        • Add a formula to a one-variable data table
        • Clear a data table
        • Convert resulting data table values to constant values
        • Create a one-variable data table
        • Create a two-variable data table
        • Speed up calculation of a worksheet that contains a data table
      • Solver
        • About Solver
        • Add, change, or delete a constraint in Solver
        • Change how Solver finds solutions
        • Create a Solver report
        • Define and solve a problem by using Solver
        • Load a Solver problem model
        • Reapply the default Solver settings
        • Save a Solver problem model
        • Save adjustable cell values in Solver as a scenario
        • Step through Solver trial solutions
        • Troubleshoot Solver
      • Scenarios
        • About scenarios
        • Create a scenario
        • Create a scenario summary report
        • Delete a scenario
        • Display a scenario
        • Edit a scenario
        • Merge scenarios from another worksheet
        • Prevent changes to a scenario
  • Forms
    • About forms
    • About controls: when to use ActiveX or Forms toolbar controls
    • About data entry forms
    • Add a Forms toolbar control
    • Add an ActiveX control
    • Change a control
    • Create a dialog box
    • Create a macro for an ActiveX control
    • Create an on-screen, printed, or Web form
    • Move or resize a control
    • Types of controls and their properties
    • Fill out an on-screen form
    • Troubleshoot controls
  • Formulas
    • Creating Formulas
      • About calculation operators
      • About formulas
      • About functions
      • About nesting functions within functions
      • Create a formula
      • Delete a formula
      • Move or copy a formula
      • Select cells that contain formulas
      • Using References
        • About cell and range references
        • Name cells on more than one worksheet
        • Refer to the same cell or range on multiple sheets
        • Switch between relative, absolute, and mixed references
      • Array Formulas
        • About array formulas and array constants
        • Create an array formula
        • Edit an array formula
        • Select a range of cells that contains an array formula
      • Names and Labels
        • About labels and names in formulas
        • Change cell references in formulas to names
        • Change or delete a defined name
        • Create a name to represent a formula or a constant
        • Determine what a name refers to
    • Common Formulas
      • Examples of commonly used formulas
      • Conditional Formulas
        • Count unique entries in a range of data
        • Create conditional formulas by using the IF function
      • Date and Time Formulas
        • Add dates
        • Add times
        • Calculate the difference between two dates
        • Calculate the difference between two times
        • Convert times
        • Count days before a date
        • Insert Julian dates
        • Insert the current date and time in a cell
        • Show dates as the day of the week
      • Math Formulas
        • Add numbers
        • Calculate a running balance
        • Calculate the average of numbers
        • Calculate the median of a group of numbers
        • Calculate the difference between two numbers as a percentage
        • Calculate the smallest or largest number in a range
        • Check if a number is greater than or less than another number
        • Convert measurements
        • Count cells that contain numbers
        • Count numbers greater than or less than a number
        • Create a multiplication table
        • Divide numbers
        • Hide error values and error indicators in cells
        • Increase or decrease a number by a percentage
        • Multiply numbers
        • Raise a number to a power
        • Round a number
        • Subtract numbers
      • Text Formulas
        • Change the case of text
        • Check if a cell contains text
        • Merge or split cells or data
        • Combine first and last names
        • Combine text and numbers
        • Combine text with a date or time
        • Compare cell contents
        • Count nonblank cells
        • Remove characters from text
        • Remove spaces from the beginning and end of a cell
        • Repeat a character in a cell
      • Comparison Formulas
        • Display or hide zero values
        • Look up values in a range
      • Financial Formulas
        • About projecting values
        • Project values
    • Creating Links
      • About linking to another workbook or program
      • Break links
      • Change the source of a link
      • Change the way a linked or embedded object is displayed
      • Check status of and fix links
      • Control the startup prompt for updating links
      • Control when links are updated
      • Create a link to another cell, workbook, or program
      • Create a link using Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
      • Edit a linked or embedded object
      • Find links in a workbook
      • Open the source of a link
      • Troubleshoot linking with other programs
    • Controlling Calculations
      • About calculation in workbooks
      • About dates and date systems
      • Change the default date format
      • Change when and how formulas are calculated
    • Correcting Formulas
      • About correcting formulas
      • Allow or correct a circular reference
      • Change which cells a formula refers to
      • Display or hide formulas
      • Display the relationships between formulas and cells
      • Evaluate a nested formula one step at a time
      • Find and correct errors in formulas
      • Replace a formula with its result
      • Remove cells from a Watch Window
      • Watch a formula and its result
      • Troubleshoot tracing dependent, precedent, and error cells
      • Correct a ##### error
      • Correct a #DIV/0! error
      • Correct a #N/A error
      • Correct a #NAME? error
      • Correct a #NULL! error
      • Correct a #NUM! error
      • Correct a #REF! error
      • Correct a #VALUE! error
    • Working with Euro Currency
      • About euro currency
      • Convert values or formulas to euros or another currency
      • Format values in euro currency style
      • How to type the euro sign
      • View converted values for euros and other currencies
      • Troubleshoot euro currency conversion
  • Charts and Graphics
    • Charts
      • Creating Charts
        • About charts
        • About combination charts
        • About using dates in charts
        • Change the default chart type
        • Create a chart
        • Create, share, or delete your own chart types
        • Select a different chart type
        • Select chart items
        • Set up a chart for printing
        • Troubleshoot charts
      • Chart Display
        • Change colors in a surface chart
        • Change fills and lines in charts
        • Change number formats in charts
        • Change the display size of a chart sheet
        • Change the plot area size of a pie-of-pie or bar-of-pie chart
        • Change the display of multiple charts
        • Change the view of a 3-D chart
        • Clear a picture or fill effect from a chart item
        • Make chart data easier to read by adding bars or lines
        • Move and resize chart items with the mouse
        • Move the slices in a doughnut or pie chart
        • Place a chart on a worksheet or on its own chart sheet
        • Smooth the angles of line charts
        • Use a picture in a chart
        • View an embedded chart in a separate window
        • Vary colors in the same data series
        • Chart Axes
          • Add a second axis
          • Change a chart category axis
          • Change a chart value axis
          • Change chart axes
      • Data Markers, Data Labels, and Text
        • Add a chart title
        • Add a legend to a chart
        • Add a text box to a chart
        • Add data labels to a chart
        • Align text in chart titles and text boxes
        • Change data labels
        • Change data markers in a line, xy (scatter), or radar chart
        • Change data series names or legend text
        • Change the position of data labels automatically
        • Change the font used in a chart
        • Change the spacing between data markers in bar and column charts
        • Delete data labels, titles, or legends in a chart
        • Display or hide a data table in a chart
        • Display or hide gridlines in a chart
        • Display or hide chart tips
        • Edit chart and axis titles
        • Link a chart title or text box to a worksheet cell
        • Link chart data labels to worksheet cells
        • Rotate chart title text or axis text
      • Editing Chart Data
        • Add data to a chart
        • Change values in a chart
        • Change the hole size in a doughnut chart
        • Change the plotting order of data series
        • Change the way data is shown in a chart
        • Change the cell range the chart is based on
        • Control the display of hidden worksheet data in a chart
        • Delete data from a chart
        • Format numbers in a chart like numbers on the worksheet
        • Pull out slices in pie and doughnut charts
        • Reverse the plotting order of categories, values, or series
      • Error Bars and Trendlines
        • About error bars in charts
        • About forecasting and showing trends in charts
        • Add a trendline to a chart
        • Add error bars to a chart
        • Change error bar settings
        • Change trendline settings
        • Delete a trendline
        • Delete error bars
        • Display the R-squared value for a trendline
        • Equations for calculating the error amount
        • Equations for calculating trendlines
    • Drawings, Pictures, and Diagrams
      • About drawing objects and pictures
      • Graphics file types Excel can use
      • Show or hide the Drawing toolbar
      • Troubleshoot drawing objects and pictures
      • About Portable Network Graphics (.png) format
      • Save graphics in .png format
      • Shapes, Lines, Freeforms, and Other Drawing Objects
        • Copy an object
        • Add a shape
        • Draw a curve
        • Change a shape to another shape
        • Draw a freeform shape
        • Draw a line or connector
        • Add or remove arrowheads
        • Create a picture from cells, a chart, or an object
        • Delete a picture or shape
        • Determine if a picture is a bitmap or a drawn picture
        • Display or hide drawing objects or pictures
        • Change the shape of a freeform or curve
        • Create a mirror image of an object
      • Formatting Drawing Objects
        • About resizing or cropping a picture
        • Copy all formatting from one object to another
        • Add or format an object border
        • Add or remove a shadow
        • Remove an object border
        • Reduce the file size of your pictures
        • Add, change, or remove a fill
        • Add, change, or remove the 3-D effect from a shape
        • Reshape a shape
        • Change font in a shape or text box
        • Change the color of a shadow
        • Create transparent areas in a picture
        • Undo all changes to a picture
        • Change the contrast or brightness of a picture
        • Format a line or connector
        • Apply the same height and width to different objects
        • Change the margins around text in a shape or text box
        • Crop a picture
        • Change the color of a 3-D effect
        • Change the position of a shadow
        • About reducing a picture's file size
        • Resize a picture or shape
        • Restore a picture to its original size
        • Resize a shape or text box to fit its text
        • Symbols for drawing object manipulation
        • Troubleshoot adding borders, fills, shadows, and 3-D effects
      • Adding Special Text Effects
        • Add text to a shape or text box
        • Change the text in WordArt
        • Display cell contents in a shape or text box
        • Add WordArt
      • Grouping, Aligning, and Moving Drawing Objects
        • Align objects
        • Select objects
        • Group, ungroup, or regroup objects
        • Move a text box
        • Move an object
        • Arrange objects equal distances from each other
        • Move an object in increments
        • Move or reroute a connector
        • Prevent objects from moving and sizing with cells
        • Flip an object
        • Move an object forward or backward
        • Rotate an object
      • Importing Pictures and Clip Art
        • About finding clips
        • About the Clip Organizer
        • Find a clip
        • Find similar clips
        • Preview a clip
        • Add a clip to the Clip Organizer
        • Insert a clip
        • Open Clip Organizer from an Office program
        • View clip properties
        • Tips for finding clips
        • Insert a picture from a file
        • Insert a scanned or digital picture
        • Troubleshoot clips
        • Troubleshoot scanners and digital cameras
      • Diagrams and Organization Charts
        • Draw a flowchart
        • Change a flowchart
        • About organization charts
        • Add an organization chart
        • Change an organization chart
        • About diagrams
        • Add a diagram
        • Change a diagram
        • Delete an organization chart or diagram
        • Resize a diagram or organization chart
        • Troubleshoot diagrams and organization charts
    • PivotTable and PivotChart Reports
      • About PivotChart reports
      • About PivotTable reports
      • PivotTable terminology demystified
      • What's different after you export a PivotTable list from a Web page to Excel
      • Troubleshoot PivotChart reports
      • Troubleshoot PivotTable reports
      • PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard
      • Creating and Deleting
        • About PivotTable and PivotChart source data
        • Change a PivotChart report to a static chart
        • Create a chart from data in a PivotTable report
        • Create a PivotChart report
        • Create a PivotTable report
        • Select different source data for a PivotTable or PivotChart report
        • Convert an Excel 4.0 crosstab table to a PivotTable report
        • Delete a PivotTable report
      • Customizing the Appearance and Layout
        • Ways to customize PivotTable reports
        • Select data in a PivotTable report
        • Change the layout of a PivotChart report
        • Change the layout of a PivotTable report
        • Format a PivotTable report
        • Show or hide field buttons in a PivotChart report
        • Sort a PivotTable or PivotChart report
        • Change the amount of detail displayed in a PivotChart report
        • Change the amount of detail displayed in a PivotTable report
        • Display a different page in a PivotTable or PivotChart page field
        • Display or hide items in a PivotTable or PivotChart field
        • Group items in a PivotTable or PivotChart field
        • Rename a PivotTable field or item
        • Rename a field or item in a PivotChart report
      • Printing
        • About printing a PivotTable report
        • Print a PivotTable report
      • Summarizing with Totals and Formulas
        • About calculations and formulas in PivotTable and PivotChart reports
        • Display or hide totals in a PivotTable report
        • Change how PivotTable or PivotChart data is summarized
        • Create your own formula in a PivotTable or PivotChart report
        • Edit a PivotTable or PivotChart formula
        • Delete a PivotTable or PivotChart formula
        • Use PivotTable data in a formula outside the PivotTable report
        • Summary functions for data analysis
        • Custom calculations for PivotTable and PivotChart data fields
      • Retrieving and Refreshing Data
        • About OLAP source data in PivotTable and PivotChart reports
        • About retrieving PivotTable or PivotChart data one page field item at a time
        • Refresh data in a PivotTable or PivotChart report
        • Retrieve PivotTable or PivotChart page field data for each item or for all items
        • Query data for a PivotTable or PivotChart report in the background or while you wait
    • Troubleshoot Charts and Graphics
  • Function Reference
    • A bibliography of financial, statistical, and engineering methods
    • Worksheet functions listed by category
    • Database Functions
      • Database and List Management functions
      • DAVERAGE
      • DCOUNT
      • DCOUNTA
      • DGET
      • DMAX
      • DMIN
      • DPRODUCT
      • DSTDEV
      • DSTDEVP
      • DSUM
      • DVAR
      • DVARP
    • Date and Time Functions
      • Date and Time functions
      • DATE
      • DATEVALUE
      • DAY
      • DAYS360
      • EDATE
      • EOMONTH
      • HOUR
      • MINUTE
      • MONTH
      • NETWORKDAYS
      • NOW
      • SECOND
      • TIME
      • TIMEVALUE
      • TODAY
      • WEEKDAY
      • WEEKNUM
      • WORKDAY
      • YEAR
      • YEARFRAC
    • Engineering Functions
      • Engineering functions
      • BESSELI
      • BESSELJ
      • BESSELK
      • BESSELY
      • BIN2DEC
      • BIN2HEX
      • BIN2OCT
      • COMPLEX
      • CONVERT
      • DEC2BIN
      • DEC2HEX
      • DEC2OCT
      • DELTA
      • ERF
      • ERFC
      • GESTEP
      • HEX2BIN
      • HEX2DEC
      • HEX2OCT
      • IMABS
      • IMAGINARY
      • IMARGUMENT
      • IMCONJUGATE
      • IMCOS
      • IMDIV
      • IMEXP
      • IMLN
      • IMLOG10
      • IMLOG2
      • IMPOWER
      • IMPRODUCT
      • IMREAL
      • IMSIN
      • IMSQRT
      • IMSUB
      • IMSUM
      • OCT2BIN
      • OCT2DEC
      • OCT2HEX
    • Financial Functions
      • Financial functions
      • ACCRINT
      • ACCRINTM
      • AMORDEGRC
      • AMORLINC
      • COUPDAYBS
      • COUPDAYS
      • COUPDAYSNC
      • COUPNCD
      • COUPNUM
      • COUPPCD
      • CUMIPMT
      • CUMPRINC
      • DB
      • DDB
      • DISC
      • DOLLARDE
      • DOLLARFR
      • DURATION
      • EFFECT
      • FV
      • FVSCHEDULE
      • INTRATE
      • IPMT
      • IRR
      • ISPMT
      • MDURATION
      • MIRR
      • NOMINAL
      • NPER
      • NPV
      • ODDFPRICE
      • ODDFYIELD
      • ODDLPRICE
      • ODDLYIELD
      • PMT
      • PPMT
      • PRICE
      • PRICEDISC
      • PRICEMAT
      • PV
      • RATE
      • RECEIVED
      • SLN
      • SYD
      • TBILLEQ
      • TBILLPRICE
      • TBILLYIELD
      • VDB
      • XIRR
      • XNPV
      • YIELD
      • YIELDDISC
      • YIELDMAT
    • Information Functions
      • Information functions
      • CELL
      • COUNTBLANK
      • ERROR.TYPE
      • INFO
      • IS Functions
      • ISEVEN
      • ISODD
      • N
      • NA
      • TYPE
    • Logical Functions
      • Logical functions
      • AND
      • FALSE
      • IF
      • NOT
      • OR
      • TRUE
    • Lookup Functions
      • Lookup and Reference functions
      • ADDRESS
      • AREAS
      • CHOOSE
      • COLUMN
      • COLUMNS
      • HLOOKUP
      • HYPERLINK
      • INDEX
      • INDIRECT
      • LOOKUP
      • MATCH
      • OFFSET
      • ROW
      • ROWS
      • RTD
      • TRANSPOSE
      • VLOOKUP
    • Math Functions
      • Math and Trigonometry functions
      • ABS
      • ACOS
      • ACOSH
      • ASIN
      • ASINH
      • ATAN
      • ATAN2
      • ATANH
      • CEILING
      • COMBIN
      • COS
      • COSH
      • COUNTIF
      • DEGREES
      • EVEN
      • EXP
      • FACT
      • FACTDOUBLE
      • FLOOR
      • GCD
      • INT
      • LCM
      • LN
      • LOG
      • LOG10
      • MDETERM
      • MINVERSE
      • MMULT
      • MOD
      • MROUND
      • MULTINOMIAL
      • ODD
      • PI
      • POWER
      • PRODUCT
      • QUOTIENT
      • RADIANS
      • RAND
      • RANDBETWEEN
      • ROMAN
      • ROUND
      • ROUNDDOWN
      • ROUNDUP
      • SERIESSUM
      • SIGN
      • SIN
      • SINH
      • SQRT
      • SQRTPI
      • SUBTOTAL
      • SUM
      • SUMIF
      • SUMPRODUCT
      • SUMSQ
      • SUMX2MY2
      • SUMX2PY2
      • SUMXMY2
      • TAN
      • TANH
      • TRUNC
    • External Functions
      • External functions
      • CALL
      • EUROCONVERT
      • GETPIVOTDATA
      • REGISTER.ID
      • SQL.REQUEST
      • Using the CALL and REGISTER Functions
    • Statistical Functions
      • Statistical functions
      • AVEDEV
      • AVERAGE
      • AVERAGEA
      • BETADIST
      • BETAINV
      • BINOMDIST
      • CHIDIST
      • CHIINV
      • CHITEST
      • CONFIDENCE
      • CORREL
      • COUNT
      • COUNTA
      • COVAR
      • CRITBINOM
      • DEVSQ
      • EXPONDIST
      • FDIST
      • FINV
      • FISHER
      • FISHERINV
      • FORECAST
      • FREQUENCY
      • FTEST
      • GAMMADIST
      • GAMMAINV
      • GAMMALN
      • GEOMEAN
      • GROWTH
      • HARMEAN
      • HYPGEOMDIST
      • INTERCEPT
      • KURT
      • LARGE
      • LINEST
      • LOGEST
      • LOGINV
      • LOGNORMDIST
      • MAX
      • MAXA
      • MEDIAN
      • MIN
      • MINA
      • MODE
      • NEGBINOMDIST
      • NORMDIST
      • NORMINV
      • NORMSDIST
      • NORMSINV
      • PEARSON
      • PERCENTILE
      • PERCENTRANK
      • PERMUT
      • POISSON
      • PROB
      • QUARTILE
      • RANK
      • RSQ
      • SKEW
      • SLOPE
      • SMALL
      • STANDARDIZE
      • STDEV
      • STDEVA
      • STDEVP
      • STDEVPA
      • STEYX
      • TDIST
      • TINV
      • TREND
      • TRIMMEAN
      • TTEST
      • VAR
      • VARA
      • VARP
      • VARPA
      • WEIBULL
      • ZTEST
    • Text and Data Functions
      • Text and Data functions
      • ASC
      • BAHTTEXT
      • CHAR
      • CLEAN
      • CODE
      • CONCATENATE
      • DOLLAR
      • EXACT
      • FIND
      • FIXED
      • Hidden function
      • JIS
      • LEFT
      • LEN
      • LOWER
      • MID
      • PHONETIC
      • PROPER
      • REPLACE
      • REPT
      • RIGHT
      • SEARCH
      • SUBSTITUTE
      • T
      • TEXT
      • TRIM
      • UPPER
      • VALUE
  • Smart Tags
    • About smart tags
    • About triangle indicators in cells
    • Change smart tag options
    • Enable instant message smart tags
    • Check for new smart tags and actions
    • Get a stock quote
    • Remove smart tags
    • Use smart tags
    • Troubleshoot smart tags
  • Working with XML
    • About XML maps
    • Add an XML map to a workbook
    • Change the XML expansion pack attached to a smart document
    • Import an XML document into an existing mapping
    • Open an XML data file
    • Save or export XML data
    • About exporting XML data
    • About The XML Source Task Pane
    • About XML data bindings
    • About XML lists
    • Layout limitations of XML lists
    • Map XML elements to a worksheet
    • Unsupported XML schema constructs
    • Features and limitations of XML Spreadsheet format
    • XML Schema Definition (XSD) data type support
    • Working with Smart Documents
      • About smart documents
      • Add or delete a smart document XML expansion pack
• Security and Privacy
  • Digital Signatures
    • About digital signatures
    • Create your own digital certificate
    • Add a digital signature to a file or macro project
    • Remove a digital signature
    • Review digital certificates for a file or macro project
    • Prompt to open a file as read-only
  • Workbook and Worksheet Protection
    • About using passwords
    • About worksheet and workbook protection
    • Remove or change a password
    • Change protection or passwords
    • Elements you can protect in worksheets and workbooks
    • Troubleshoot passwords
    • Password protect a worksheet or workbook
    • Remove protection and passwords
  • Privacy
    • Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Privacy Statement
    • Microsoft Office Activation/Registration Privacy Statement
    • Remove personal or hidden information
    • Disclaimer: Use of Fictitious Names
    • Terms of Use
  • Macros
    • About .NET Macro Security
    • About macro security
    • Macro security levels
    • Macros
    • Troubleshoot modifying the list of trusted publishers for macros
    • Virus Protection
      • Change the security level for macro virus protection
      • Warn about installed templates and add-ins
      • About helping protect files from macro viruses
      • Modify the list of trusted publishers for macros
  • Troubleshoot Security and Privacy
    • More about security options and connecting to a server
    • Troubleshoot security and protection
• Excel and the Web
  • Troubleshoot Excel and the Web
  • About connections
  • More about Office data connection and data retrieval service connection files
  • Synchronize list with SharePoint site
  • Use the Spreadsheet Web Part
    • About the Spreadsheet Web Part
    • Create a data-bound Spreadsheet Web Part
    • Create a connectable Spreadsheet Web Part
  • Put Excel Data on the Web
    • About changing data on a Web page
    • Insert Hyperlink
    • About putting Excel data on the Web
    • About supporting Web files and hyperlinks
    • About single file Web pages (MHTML)
    • Change and save data on a Web page
    • Guidelines and limitations for saving or publishing Web pages
    • Preview a Web page
    • Put Excel data on a Web page
    • Set an alternative text description for a picture or shape on a Web page
    • Optimize Web pages for a specific browser
  • Get and Analyze Data from the Web
    • About getting data from a Web page
    • Speed up downloading Web pages by using Vector Markup Language
    • About XML and Excel
    • Change a Web query
    • Copy data from a Web page
    • Make a Web page redirect queries
    • Query for data from a Web page
    • Refresh a Web query
    • Save a Web query for use in other workbooks
    • About using Microsoft Query to retrieve external data
    • More about data sources
  • Hyperlinks and Web Folders
    • About hyperlinks
    • Create a hyperlink
    • Change a hyperlink
    • Copy or move a hyperlink
    • Insert a formula link to worksheet data on your intranet or the Internet
    • Remove a hyperlink
    • Turn Microsoft Office Online featured links on or off
    • Select a cell that has a hyperlink in it
    • Set the base address for the hyperlinks in a workbook
    • Language-specific names for Web page supporting folders
    • Language-specific names for Web page supporting folders
  • Automate Web Pages
    • About Java applet support
    • About Web scripts
    • Copy or move a Java applet
    • Create a Web script on a Web page
    • Remove a Java applet from a Web page
    • Set the language encoding for a Web page
    • View or edit a Web script
    • Copy or move a Web script
    • Change the default script language
    • Remove Web scripts from a Web page
    • Show or hide script anchors on a Web page
    • Troubleshoot Web scripts
  • Work with Files on FTP Sites
    • Add or remove an FTP site from the list of Internet sites
    • View your Web start page
    • Change the logon name or password for an FTP site
    • Change your Web start page
    • Change your Web search page
    • Cancel the display of a Web page or hyperlink
    • Refresh the display of the active file or Web page
    • Show only Web toolbar buttons
    • Automatically update this list from the Web
• Sharing Information
  • With Other People
    • About shared workspaces
    • About Information Rights Management
    • About Instant Messaging
    • About Office Communities
    • Create content with restricted permission
    • Send an instant message
    • View content with restricted permission
    • About Microsoft Office Document Imaging
    • Remove restricted permission from content
    • Fax a workbook
    • Create a Document Workspace
    • Delete a Document Workspace
    • Keep a Document Workspace document up to date
    • Troubleshoot shared workspaces
    • Shared Workbooks
      • About shared workbooks
      • About resolving conflicting changes in shared workbooks
      • Edit a shared workbook
      • Features that are unavailable in shared workbooks
      • Prepare workbooks to be reviewed and merged
      • Remove a user from a shared workbook
      • Resolve conflicting changes to a shared workbook
      • Send a review request
      • Share a workbook
      • Stop sharing a workbook
      • Troubleshoot shared workbooks
    • Sending Data for Review
      • About sending a file for review
      • Respond to a review request
      • End a review cycle
      • Troubleshoot sending a file for review
    • Tracking Changes
      • About tracking changes
      • Changes Excel doesn't track or highlight
      • Turn off change tracking
      • Turn on change tracking for a workbook
      • View tracked changes
      • View the History worksheet
      • Troubleshoot change tracking
    • Marking and Reviewing Changes
      • Accept and reject changes
      • Changes Excel doesn't track or highlight
      • Hide change highlighting
      • Highlight changes as you work
    • Merging Workbooks
      • Merge workbooks
      • Troubleshoot merging workbooks
    • Comments
      • About comments
      • Add a comment to a cell
      • Copy comments
      • Delete comments
      • Display or hide comments and their indicators
      • Edit a comment
      • Format a comment
      • Print comments
      • Resize or move a comment
      • Review all comments in a workbook
      • Troubleshoot comments
    • Discussions
      • About receiving notification of changes to a file or discussion
      • About Web Discussions
      • About system requirements for discussions and subscriptions
      • Subscribe to be notified of changes to a file or discussion
      • Cancel subscription to a file or discussion
      • Select a discussion server
      • Read a discussion
      • Reply to, edit, or delete a discussion comment
      • Close a discussion
      • Discuss a Web page or document
      • Permissions for discussions and subscriptions
      • Filter discussions
      • Show or hide discussions
      • Troubleshoot discussions and subscriptions
    • Online Meetings
      • About online meetings
      • Start an unscheduled online meeting
      • Accept a request for an online meeting
      • Schedule an online meeting
      • View a list of participants in an online meeting
      • Add a participant to an online meeting
      • Remove a participant from an online meeting
      • Open Chat in an online meeting
      • Change a file in an online meeting
      • End an online meeting
      • Send a file to participants in an online meeting
      • Troubleshoot online meetings
      • Open the Whiteboard in an online meeting
  • With Other Programs
    • Move or copy information between programs
    • Office programs you can use to create an online or printed form
    • Office programs you can use to create a table
    • Exchanging Data between Excel, Word, and PowerPoint
      • Copy a Word table into Excel
      • Copy Excel data and charts to Word or PowerPoint
      • Create a Word mail merge with Excel data
    • Exchanging Data between Excel and Access
      • About exchanging data between Excel and Access
      • About data entry forms
      • Copy Access data into Excel
      • Import Excel data to an Access database
      • Troubleshoot exchanging data between Excel and Access
    • Using Excel and Outlook Together
      • About using e-mail and Outlook features in Excel
      • Create an Outlook task for a workbook
      • Post a file to an Exchange folder
      • Send a workbook or worksheet in e-mail
      • Share contact data between Excel and Outlook
      • Troubleshoot sending e-mail from Excel
    • Converting from Other Programs
      • About linking Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Excel worksheets
      • Calculation differences between Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3 formulas
      • Enter and evaluate formulas with Lotus 1-2-3 rules
      • File format converters supplied with Excel
      • Formatting and features that are not transferred in Excel file format conversions
      • Lotus 1-2-3 keyboard equivalents
      • Move around a worksheet by using Lotus 1-2-3 keystrokes
      • About converting worksheets between Excel and Lotus 1-2-3
      • About opening and saving files from other programs
      • Create a formula to calculate data on a Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet
      • Differences between Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3
      • Move Excel files between Windows and the Macintosh
      • Troubleshoot converting file formats
    • Excel and Lotus Notes
      • About using Excel with Lotus Notes
      • Insert a workbook in a Lotus Notes document or form
      • Use Excel data with Lotus Notes views and field exchange
      • Workbook file properties that correspond to Lotus Notes fields
  • Troubleshoot Sharing Information
    • Troubleshoot content with restricted permission
• Automating Tasks and Programmability
  • Macros
    • About macros
    • Create a macro
    • Run a macro
    • Edit a macro
    • Delete a macro
    • Stop a macro
    • Copy a macro module to another workbook
    • Troubleshoot macros
• Language-Specific Features
  • Language Setup
    • About Microsoft Proofing Tools
    • About finding and replacing characters in Indic, South Asian, or right-to-left languages
    • About the global interface and Microsoft Office Multilingual User Interface Pack
    • About translation services
    • Check spelling in a different language
    • Install system support for multiple languages
    • Requirements for specific languages
    • Macro language support is disabled
    • Enable editing of multiple languages in Office programs
    • Format cells using a different locale
    • Locale identification numbers for language-specific files
    • Remove commands and controls for languages you don't use
    • Change the default country/region
    • Change the default language setting
    • Use a keyboard layout for a specific language
    • Troubleshoot working in a different language
    • Change the language of the user interface or Help in Office programs
    • Translate text
    • Automatic Language Detection
      • About automatic font switching
    • Encoded Text Files and Unicode
      • Install the universal font for Unicode
  • Indic
    • About Indic language features in Office
    • About automatically checking the correct sequence of characters in Indic languages
  • South Asian
    • About South Asian features in Office
    • Delete diacritics, ligatures, and special marks in South Asian text
    • Thai
      • About Thai worksheets
      • Convert Arabic numbers to Thai text format
      • Format numbers using Thai digits
      • Use Thai numbers and dates in headers and footers
  • East Asian
    • Reconvert a determined character string
    • Reconvert Japanese, Traditional Chinese, or Simplified Chinese text
    • Review a file by using Reconversion
    • Input Method Editors (IME)
      • About Input Method Editors (IMEs)
      • Add a word to an Input Method Editor (IME) dictionary
      • Install an Input Method Editor (IME)
      • Set the default Input Method Editor (IME)
    • Japanese
      • About the phonetic guide function
      • Use the phonetic guide function
    • Korean
      • About the Correct Keyboard Setting feature
      • Turn on Correct Keyboard Setting
      • Add or delete Hanja in a custom dictionary
      • Convert Hangul and Hanja
  • Right-to-Left
    • About right-to-left features in Office
    • About bidirectional fonts
    • About code page and text layout support for right-to-left HTML Web page files
    • About differences between right-to-left and left-to-right worksheets
    • About global text direction
    • About printing and previewing data on right-to-left worksheets
    • About right-to-left language features
    • Select diacritics or ligated characters
    • Change global text direction settings
    • Convert bidirectional text files to and from ANSI
    • Create a repeating series on a right-to-left worksheet
    • Display or hide control characters
    • Format dates using alternate calendars
    • Enter formulas containing right-to-left text in worksheets
    • About right-to-left sort order
    • Set a column width on a right-to-left worksheet
    • Set insertion point behavior
    • Set the direction for worksheets and charts
    • Set the direction of a Web page or Web page controls
    • Set the text direction for cells
    • Switch between entering right-to-left and left-to-right text in a cell
  • European
    • About multilingual features in Office
  • Arabic
    • About Arabic sort order
    • About the Arabic code page
  • Hebrew
    • About Hebrew sort order
    • About the Hebrew code page
  • Vietnamese
    • About Vietnamese worksheets

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