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EPMA Xtreme Probe Documentation
K-RATIO
EPMA Xtreme Probe
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K-RATIO
See raw k-ratio, unknown k-ratio, k-factor and ZAF.
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Menu
Homepage
Table of contents
Introduction
Description
License
Special Thanks
Technical Support
Analysis Concepts
Standard and Unknowns Easily Run Under Identical Conditions
Easy Wavescan Acquisition and Graphical Off-Peaks Assignment
Easy and Flexible Standard Re-assignment Capability
Automatic Interference Calibration
Single Relational Database for Data Integrity
History of Probe for EPMA
General References
Selected References
Specialized References
Peak Shifts
Light Elements
Time Dependent Intensity (TDI) Element Corrections
Glass Analysis
Disclaimer
Installation
Platform Requirements
Minimum
Preferred
Installation
Installation Using Probe for EPMA.msi and CalcZAF.msi
Files Used by Probe for EPMA
Running Probe for EPMA for the First Time
Other Programs Supplied With Probe for EPMA
Removing Probe for EPMA
Copy Protection
Configuration Files
Constants for array declarations
PROBEWIN.INI
[General]
[Software]
[Hardware]
[Image]
[Serial]
[Faraday]
[Counting]
[PHA]
[Plot]
[Standards]
[monitor]
ELEMENTS.DAT
CHARGES.DAT
CRYSTALS.DAT
MOTORS.DAT
Some other helpful expressions :
SCALERS.DAT
Pre and Post Scan Ranges
ROM Peak Scan Range
Software Based Peaking
ROM Based Peaking
SCALERS.DAT Lines 21-41
Extended Format SCALERS.DAT Lines 42-83
DETECTORS.DAT
StartWin
Overview
Description
Beam and Detector Stability
Spectrometer Reproducibility
Deadtime Calibration
PHA
Peak/Scan Options
Alignment Peak Center
Calibrate Peak Center
Multiple Peak Calibration for Spectrometer to Angstroms Calculations
Stage
Overview
Description
Digitize Positions
Stage
Position File (*.POS) File Formats
Import *.LEP
Import *.DCD
Picture Snap
Digitizing Standard Mounts with More than 128 Standards
Import Positions From Cameca PeakSight
CalMAC
Overview
Features
Coat
Overview
Features
UserWin
Overview
Description
Creating a New User Database
Calculating Hourly Usage
Using the Data Cursor
Modifying the Custom Data Fields
Monitor
Overview
Faraday
Overview
GunAlign
Overview
CalcZAF
Overview
Description
Importing Concentration or Intensity Data From a Disk File
An example of a CalcZAF input file demonstrating each calculation mode is shown here:
Calculating Error Histograms from Binary Composition Input Files
Log Window
CalcZAF Window Details
ZAF Calculation Window Details
Calculate
Close
Excel Options
>>Excel
Combined Conditions
Enter Composition As Atom String
Enter Composition As Weight String
Enter Composition As Standard
Calculation Options
Calculate With Stoichiometric Oxygen
Calculate As Elemental
Element by Difference
Stoichiometry to Oxygen
Stoichiometry to Another Element
Load Next Dataset From Input File
Copy Grid To Clipboard
CalcZAF Menu Details
File
Open CalcZAF Input Data File
Close CalcZAF Input Data File
Export CalcZAF Input Data File
Update CalcZAF Example Data Files
Print Log
Print Setup
Exit
Edit
Cut
Copy
Paste
Select All
Clear All
Standard
Standard Database
Select Standard Database
Edit Standard Coating Parameters
Add/Remove Standards To/From Run
X-Ray
X-Ray Database
Calculate Spectrometer Positions
Emission Table
Edge Table
Fluorescent Yield Table
MAC Table
MAC Table (Complete)
Display MAC Emitter Absorber Pair
Edit X-Ray Table
Edit X-Edge Table
Edit X-Flur Table
Edit MAC Table
Convert ELEMINFO.DAT
Convert MACMAT*.DAT (Create CITZMU.DAT)
Create New X-ray Database (XRAY.ALL to XRAY.MDB)
Create New McMaster MAC Table
Create New MAC30 MAC Table
Create New MACJTA MAC Table
Create New FFAST MAC Table
Create New User Defined MAC Table
Update Existing User Defined MAC Table
Analytical
Display Current Sample Elements
Calculate Secondary Fluorescence
Calculate Elemental-To-Oxide Factors
Calculate Oxide-to-Elemental Factors
Students t Table
Empirical MACs
ZAF, Phi-Rho-Z, Alpha Factor and Calibration Curve Selections
Operating Conditions
Particle and Thin Film
Particle/Thin Film Model
Particle Diameter
Particle Density
Particle Thickness Factor
Numerical Integration Step
Use Conductive Coating Correction For Energy Loss
Use Conductive Coating Correction For Absorption
Calculate and Plot Binary Alpha factors
Calculate and Output Binary K-ratios and A-factors for Periodic Table
Binary Calculation Options
Binary Histogram Options
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Calculated Intensities and Error Histogram)
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Calculated Intensities for All Matrix Corrections and MAC Files, Single Line, Single File)
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Calculated Intensities for All Matrix Corrections and MAC Files, All Lines, Multiple Files)
Calculate Standard Concentrations (Output Calculated Concentrations and Errors)
Calculate Standard Concentrations for All Matrix Corrections and MAC Files, Single Line, Single File)
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Atomic First Approximation)
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Mass First Approximation)
Calculate Binary Intensities (Output Corrected Electron First Approximation)
Calculate First Approximations Only (Atomic Fraction)
Calculate First Approximations Only (Mass Fraction)
Calculate First Approximations Only (Electron Fraction)
Update Edge Line Flur Files
Update Mac Files
Convert Text To Data
Run
List Standard Compositions
List Current MACs
List Current Alpha Factors
List Analysis Parameters
Model Detection Limits
Calculate Electron and X-ray Ranges
Calculate Sample Temperature Rise
Output
Log Window Font
Debug Mode
Verbose Mode
ZAF Equation Mode
Extended Format
Save To Disk Log
View Disk Log
Open Link To Excel
Close Link To Excel
Help
About CalcZAF
Help On CalcZAF
Update CalcZAF
Probe Software On The Web
Standard
Overview
Log Window
Running Standard for the First Time
Standard Menu Details
File
New
Open
Save As
Close
Import ASCII File
Export ASCII File
Import ASCII File (single row format)
Export ASCII File (single row format)
Create AMCSD Database (American Mineralogist Database)
Import Standards From Cameca PeakSight (Sx.mdb)
Import Standards From JEOL Text File
File Information
Print Log
Print Setup
Exit
Edit
Cut
Copy
Paste
Select All
Clear All
Standard
New
Formula Entry
Modify
Duplicate
Delete
Delete Selected
List All Standard Names
List Elemental Standard Names
List Oxide Standard Names
List Selected Standards
List All Standards
List Elemental Standards
List Oxide Standards
Options
Search
Find
Match
Weight Percent Entry
Modal Analysis
Creating an Input File
Modal Analysis Options
Defining Modal Phases
Interferences
X-Ray
X-Ray Database
Description of the X-ray Database (adapted from NIST documentation by C. Fiori)
Emission Table
Edge Table
Fluorescent Yield Table
MAC Table
Analytical
Empirical MACs
ZAF, Phi-Rho-Z, Alpha Factor and Calibration Curve Selections
Operating Conditions
MQ (Monte-Carlo) Calculations
Creating MQ Input Files From Standard Database Compositions
Using the MCARLO.BAT Batch File
Creating MQ Input Files For Pure Elements or Binary Compositions
Parsing MQ Output Files
PENEPMA (Monte-Carlo) Calculations
Creating Material and Input Files for PENEPMA
PENEPMA (Secondary Fluorescence Profile) Calculations
PENEPMA Material Files (create .MAT files)
Run Primary Intensity Calculations (create .PAR files)
Calculate Secondary Fluorescence Profiles
Send To Excel
Assumption Of Bulk Matrix Corrections
Compositions Exhibiting Self Fluorescence Adjacent to a Non-Fluorescing Phase
Output
Log Window Font
Debug Mode
Extended Format
Save To Disk Log
View Disk Log
Calculate Electron and X-ray Ranges
Calculate Alternative Z-bars
Calculate Continuum Absorption
Calculate Charge Balance
Calculate Total Cations
Display Amphibole Calculations
Display Biotite Calculations
Display ZAF Calculations
Help
About Standard
Help On Standard
Probe for EPMA
Overview
Log Window
Menus
Buttons
Probe Window Details
Acquire!
Beam Deflection and Column Condition Graphics
Current Sample
New Sample
Load Element Setup
Load Sample Setup
Load File Setup
Load Multiple Setups
Elements/Cations
Disable Acq
Disable Quant
Multiple Peak Calibration
Background Types
Off Peak Background Correction Types
Linear Slope Calculation
Exponential Slope Calculation
Exponential Background Source
Polynomial Background Source
Background Options
Same Side Off-Peaks
MAN Backgrounds
Spectrometer Number and Analyzing Crystal
Interferences
PHA
Detector Parameters
Integrated Intensity Options
Variable Step Wavescan Options
Specified Area Peak Factors (fixed composition APF)
Load Element Setup
Load Sample Setup
Analytical Conditions
Analytical Conditions versus Column Conditions
Force Size or Force Column Conditions
Pre and Post Acquire Strings
Faraday Stage
Combined Conditions
Locate
PHA
Count Times
MultiPoint Background Counting Times
Wavescan Counting Times
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Max Counts and Unknown Count Factor Parameters
Beam Current Measurement and Beam Drift
Off-Peak Statistics
Standard Assignments
Move
Stage
Stage and Spectrometer Target Positions
Faraday In/Out or Beam Blanked/Unblanked
Update Positions
Jog Stage
Jog Spectrometers
Free/Clear
Periodic/Peak and PHA buttons
Positions
Stage
Close
Go
Peak/Scan Options
Spectrometer ROM scanning versus Step/Count Scanning
Special Options
Self Calibration Time Dependent Intensity (TDI) Acquisition
Assigned Calibration Time Dependent Intensity (TDI) Acquisition
Setups
Quick Wavescan Acquisition
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Setups
Acquisition Options
Quick Standard Modes
EDS Acquisition
EDS Spectrum Intensity Acquisition
Automated Image Acquisition
Peak Element Before Acquisition
Nth Point Off-Peak Acquisition
Peaking Options
Peak Center Options
Peak Center Methods
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Spectrometer Peak Center Scans
Initial Peak-To-Background Measurements
Spectrometer Peak Center Procedure
Interval Halving
Parabolic Fit
ROM Peaking
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Manual Peaking
Final Peak-To-Background Measurements
Post Scan Peak Confirmation
Start Peaking
Start Standard or Unknown Acquisition
Imaging
Image Calibration
Start Wavescan
Analyze!
Analyze
Error Messages
Problems With the Analysis
Description of the Analysis Printout
Summary of Analysis Printout
Example of Analysis Printout
Raw Data
Summary of Data Printout (standards and unknowns)
Example of Data Printout (standards and unknowns)
Summary of Data Printout (wavescans)
KRaws
Example of K-Raw Output
Analyze Selected Line(s)
Excel
Combine Selected Samples
Pause Between Samples
Use All Matrix Corrections
Disable Selected Sample(s)
Enable Selected Sample(s)
Specified Concentrations
Specify By Standard
Specify By Formula
Specify By Analysis
Specify By Unknown Sample
Specify By Text File Input
Standard Assignments
Virtual Standard Intensities
Spectral Interferences
Area Peak Factors and Standard Assignments
Checking (Secondary) Standards
Time Dependent Intensity (TDI) Element Corrections
Mathematical Method
Blank Correction
Name/Description
Conditions
Combined Conditions
Elements/Cations
Off Peak Background Correction Types
Linear Slope Calculation
Exponential Slope Calculation
Polynomial Background Source
Background and Interference Calculations
Same Side Off-Peaks
Interferences
Specified Area Peak Factors (fixed composition APF)
Save Element Setup
Save Sample Setup
Disable Selected Line(s)
Enable Selected Line(s)
List Standard Intensities
Report
Match
Calculation Options
Do Not Use/Use EDS Spectrum Intensities
Assign EDS Spectrum Elements
Do Not Use/Use Integrated Intensities
Display Results As Oxides and Calculate With Stoichiometric Oxygen
Formula and Mineral Calculations
Calculate Atomic Percents
Element by Difference
Stoichiometry to Oxygen
Stoichiometry to Another Element
Calculate Detection Limits
Homogeneity Calculations
Alternate Homogeneity Calculations
Use Particle/Film Calculations
Particle/Thin Film Model
Particle Diameter
Particle Density
Particle Thickness Factor
Numerical Integration Step
Analyze Data
Automate!
Position List
Up/Down Arrow
Select Stds
Select All
Delete All
Re-Load
Move
Digitize
Creating Standard Position Samples
Creating Unknown Position Samples
Picture Snap
Single Point(s)
Shotgun
Linear Traverse
Rectangular Grid
Polygon Grid
Digitize Image
Image Calibration
Digitize Cluster (of Random Points)
Plot
Fiducials
Replicates
Conditions
Sample Setups
File Setups
Multiple Setups
Delete Selected Samples
Delete Selected Positions
Import From ASCII File (*.POS)
Fiducial Marks
Export Selected Samples
Import *.LEP
Import *.DCD
Peak Spectrometers
Spectrometer Peak Center Scans
Initial Peak-To-Background Measurements
Spectrometer Peak Center Procedure
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Interval Halving
Parabolic Fit
ROM Peaking
Non-ROM scan based
ROM scan based
ROM Based Peaking Scan:
Manual Peaking
Final Peak-To-Background Measurements
Post Scan Peak Confirmation
Automation Actions
Automation Options
Peak On Assigned Standards
Use "Quick" Standards
Considerations in the Use of "Quick" Standards
Use of "Quick" Standards
Use Filament Standby Afterwards
Use Confirm During Acquisition
Use Beam Deflection For Position
Confirm All Positions In Sample
Combine Multiple Sample Setups
Use ROM Auto Focus
Standard Points To Acquire
Automate Confirm Delay
Standard X Increment
Re-Standard Y Increment
Re-Standard Interval (hrs)
Run Selected Samples
Use Last Unknown Sample
Use Digitized Conditions
Use Digitized Sample Setups
Use Digitized File Setups
Use Digitized Multiple Setups
Plot Wavescans!
Output Target
Include Disabled Points
Data Point labels
ASCII File Column Labels
Run Information
Sample Names
Force Black and White Print
Off Peak Labels
SURFER .BAS File
SURFER Instructions
Normalize Y Sets
Normalize Samples (Y Sets)
Graph Type
Analyzed Elements Only
Average Only
Minimum Total
Error Bars
Plot Error Bars
Plot Nth Bars
Error Bar Calculations
Output
Graph Data
ASCII File Output
Plotting Standard and Unknown Data
Plotting Wavescan Data
KLM Markers
Load X-ray Database
Low and High Off Peak Positions
Model Background
Area Peak Factor Calculations
Close
Probe Menu Details
File
New
Open
Save As
Close
Find File
File Information
Compact
Export Probe Configuration Files
Import Probe Configuration Files
Print Log
Print Setup
User Wizard
Probe for EPMA Quick Start Guide
Probe for EPMA Frequently Asked Questions Guide
Exit
Edit
Cut
Copy
Copy Special
Paste
Paste Special
Select All
Clear All
Standard
Standard Database
Evaluate Standards
Select Standard Database
Edit Standard Coating Parameters
Add/Remove Standards To/From Run
X-Ray
X-Ray Database
Description of the X-ray Database (adapted from NIST documentation by C. Fiori)
Spectrometer Table
Emission Table
Edge Table
Fluorescent Yield Table
MAC Table
Analytical
Analysis Options
Use Deadtime Correction
Use Beam Drift Correction
Use Automatic Drift Correction on Standard Intensities
Use Assigned Interference Corrections on Standards and Unknowns
Use Assigned or Self Time Dependent Intensity (TDI) Corrections on Unknowns
Use Time Weighted Data For TDI Fit
Use Absorption Corrected MAN Continuum Intensities
Use Particle and Thin Film Correction Parameters
Check For Same Peak Positions in Unknown and Standard
Check For Same PHA Settings in Unknown and Standard
Use Zero Point For Calibration Curve (Off-Peak Elements Only)
Use Conductive Coating Correction for Beam Energy Loss
Use Conductive Coating Correction for X-ray Absorption
Do Not Use Fast Quantitative Analysis
Use Empirical MAC Values
Use Empirical APF Values
Use Aggregated Intensities for Duplicate Quantitative Elements
Use Blank Calibration Sample Trace Element Accuracy Corrections
Force Negative K-ratios to Zero In ZAF Calculations
Calculate Electron and X-ray Ranges For Sample Compositions
Use Oxygen From Halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) Correction
Use Nth Point Calculation For Off-Peak Intensities (for testing purposes only)
Use Count Overwrite Table Intensity Table for Data Calculations
Use Automatic Format For Results
Use Detailed Printout for Data and Analytical Results
Print Analyzed (Acquired) and Specified On Same Line
Display Count Intensities Unnormalized To Time (in Analyze!)
Display Charge Balance Calculation
Elemental Output Sort Order
Assign MAN Fits
MAN Backgrounds
Selecting Suitable Standards for the MAN Calibration
MAN Background Assignments
Correction for Absorption of the Continuum
Graphical Plot of Background vs. Z-bar
Clear All MAN Assignments
Use Off Peak Elements For MAN Fit
Use MAN Correction For Off Peak Elements
Empirical MACs
Empirical APFs
Oxygen Area Peak Factors (APF)
Carbon Area-Peak Factors
Nitrogen Area-Peak Factors
Calculation of Compound APFs
ZAF, Phi-Rho-Z, Alpha Factor and Calibration Curve Selections
Alpha-Factors
Use Empirical Alpha-Factors
Use Penepma Alpha Factors
Use Penepma K-ratio Limits
Calibration Curve
ZAF Matrix Corrections
1. Choice of mean ionization potentials:
2. Choice of backscatter coefficients:
3. Choice of absorption corrections:
4. Choice of Phi(0) expressions:
5. Choice of stopping power corrections:
6. Choice of backscatter loss corrections:
Fluorescence Correction
Mass Absorption Coefficients
Create Virtual Standard Intensity
Update Deadtime Constants
Student's "t" Table
CalcZAF Calculations
Window
Stage
Move
Ratemeter
Kiosk Display Mode
Analytical Conditions
Load Column Conditions From File
Save Column Conditions To File
View Column Conditions File
Filament Standby On
Filament Standby Off
Turn Detector Bias Voltages Off
Turn Detector Bias Voltages On
Reset Current Window Positions To Default
Run
List Run Summary
List Rows, Names, Conditions
List Anomalous Intensity Data for Standards or Unknowns
List Sample Calculation Options
List Standard Counts
List Standard Compositions
List Fiducial Coordinate Sets
List Current MACs
List Current APFs
List Current Alpha Factors
Display, Fit and Export Spectrometer Peak and PHA Scans
Display, Annotate and Export Analog Signal Images
Display and Export EDS Spectra
Display and Export CL Spectra
Display Time Dependent (TDI) and Alternating On/Off Intensities
Display Integrated Intensities
Display Calibration Curve Intensities
Display Multi-Point Background Intensities
Load Wavescan
Display PictureSnap
Display Acquired Standard Positions on PictureSnap
Display Acquired Unknown Positions on PictureSnap
Display Acquired Wavescan Positions on PictureSnap
Display Line Labels on PictureSnap
Display Long Line Labels On PictureSnap
Display Short Line Labels On PictureSnap
Skip Disabled Points On PictureSnap
Skip Duplicate Points on PictureSnap
Output
Output Standard and Unknown Plots
Output Automatic Traverse Plots
Output Automatic Ternary Plots
Save User Specified Format Output
Save Custom Analysis Format #1 (C.G.S.)
Save Custom Analysis Format #2 (H.T.)
Save Custom Analysis Format #3 (J.H.)
Save Custom Analysis Format #4 (J.J.D.)
Save Custom Analysis Format #5 (J.J.D.-2)
Save Custom Analysis Format #6 (H.W.)
Save Custom Analysis Format #7 (NIST)
Save Custom Analysis Format #8 (MAN)
Save Custom Analysis Format #9 (P.C.)
Save Wavescan Samples (based on sample names)
Save Wavescan Samples (based on spectro/element)
Save Wavescan Centroids
Output Wavescan Spectrum Image (Lispix Format)
Export Wavescan Samples for Feig Method Development Method Tool
Save Images To BMP Files
Save MultiPoint Position and Intensity Data
Save Time Dependent Intensities (TDI)
Save All EDS Spectra To EMSA (Output all EDS spectra to EMSA format files)
Save All CL Spectra to EMSA (Output all CL spectra to EMSA format files)
Save Trace Element Statistics
Save Homogeneity Calculations
Save U, Th, Pb Age Calculations
Save Hanchar-Montel Geochron Calculations
Save CalcZAF Format
Save CalcZAF Standard Format
Save StrataGem Format
Save Cluster Classification Format (for CalcImage)
Extended Format
Debug Mode
Verbose Mode
Time Stamp Mode
Driver Logging Mode
Log Window Font
Save To Disk Log
View Disk Log
Open File Viewer
Open Link To Excel
Close Link To Excel
Help
About Probe for EPMA
Help On Probe for EPMA
User Reference Manual
Getting Started Manual
Advanced Topics Manual
Update Probe for EPMA
Display Program Information
Probe Software On The Web
User Wizard
Probe for EPMA Quick Start Guide
Probe for EPMA Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix A
Upgrading from Probe for Windows 32 Bit to Probe for EPMA
Appendix B
Problems with Light Element Analysis
Physical and Chemical Effects
Problems with the Measurement Techniques
Appendix C
Use of Empirical MACs
Empirical Mass Absorption Coefficients (MACs)
Appendix D
Problems with the Analysis
Appendix E
Problems with the carbon or conductive coating
Glossary of Terms
Index
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