Glossary S - Z
Select link: In order to do some operations on a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_link.htm');return false;">link, you first select it by clicking once on it, and it will then be drawn using negative colors to hilite it. To select more than one link, or remove links from your selection, hold down the ctrl key while clicking on them. More Info
Select node: In order to do some operations on a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_node.htm');return false;">node, you first select it by clicking once on it, and it will then be drawn using negative colors to hilite it. You can select several nodes at a time by clicking on the = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_background.htm');return false;">background and dragging the selection rectangle to include them. To add or remove nodes from your selection, hold down the ctrl key while you do the selection operation, or = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_right_click.htm');return false;">right-click on the node and choose Select/Deselect. More Info
Singly-connected: A singly-connected network is a directed or undirected network that has at most one = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_path.htm');return false;">undirected path between any two nodes. In other words, it has no = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_undirected_loop.htm');return false;">loops. More Info
Standard deviation: The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Its units are the same as those of X, and it is a measure of how “spread out” or “imprecise” the distribution is. More Info
State level: When = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_discretize.htm');return false;">discretizing a continuous variable (i.e. node), a set of numeric borders is used to partition the range of the variable into intervals called states. Those borders are called thresholds. Each state of the discretized variable has a lower threshold and an upper threshold, with the upper threshold being the same as the lower threshold of the next state. If reference is made to a state's threshold without specifying lower or upper, then lower is implied, and it is also sometimes referred to as the state's level.
State value: Any = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_discrete_node.htm');return false;">discrete node may have associated with each of its = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_state.htm');return false;">states a number (integer or real) called its state value, which may be used to identify that state in databases or case files, or may be used to provide an "output value" for that state in equations. = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_continuous.htm');return false;">Continuous nodes don't have state values, but if they have been = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_discretize.htm');return false;">discretized, they have state = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_state_threshold.htm');return false;">thresholds instead, and sometimes the term state level is used to refer to numbers that are state values or thresholds. More Info
States: A = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_discrete.htm');return false;">discrete variable can take on one of several values, and these values are called states. For example the states may be “female, male”, or they might be “US, Europe, Japan, China”, or “True, False”. With Netica you can just let the states of a node be numbered, but usually you give them meaningful names.
Structure learning: Structure learning is the automatic discovery of the = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_link_structure.htm');return false;">link structure of a Bayes net from case data. Compare with = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_parameter_learning.htm');return false;">parameter learning.
Support: The support of a probability distribution is the range of its variable(s) over which the = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_pdf.htm');return false;">pdf is non zero. In other words, those values of the variable which are possible.
Tab delimited text file: Tab delimited text file is a commonly used term for a form of case file in which the names of the variables appear on the first line, and then below are all the cases (i.e. records), with each case on a single line and having a value for each of the variables, and with all the values and variables in text form and separated by tab characters. See also = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_CSV_file.htm');return false;">CSV file.
Table dialog box: To change or view the relationship of a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_node.htm');return false;">node with its = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_parent_node.htm');return false;">parents that is, edit its conditional
probability table (CPT) or = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_function_table.htm');return false;">function table, you use a table dialog box. To obtain = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_select_node.htm');return false;">select the node, and then choose Table → View/Edit or click the 
toolbar button. It is not to change the node's basic properties; for that, use a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_node_dialog_box.htm');return false;">node dialog box instead. More Info
Table selector: Within the table dialog box, you will find a table selector, which looks like = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_table_selector.htm');return false;">this, and which provides a menu for you to select the type of table that you view.
Target Node: A target node is a node whose beliefs we want to know after belief updating. Also known as a "query node". Compare with = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_findings_node.htm');return false;">findings node.
Test sensitivity: The test sensitivity of an imperfect test is the percentage of cases testing positive out of those that should test positive. See also = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_test_specificity.htm');return false;">test specificity.
Test specificity: The test specificity of an imperfect test is the percentage of cases testing negative out of those that should test negative. See also = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_test_sensitivity.htm');return false;">test sensitivity.
Text editor: A text editor is a program that allows you to modify plain ASCII = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_text_file.htm');return false;">text. For small files you can use Netica’s File → New → Text Edit or File → Open as Text. For larger files you can use a word processing program such as MS Word or WordPad (save as “Text Only” if you wish to make a file).
Text file: A text file consists only of = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_ASCII.htm');return false;">ASCII characters. It has no special symbols, no formatting (bold, italics, fonts or sizes), no structure (paragraph sections, chapter sections, margins, etc.), and no special inserts (pictures, tables, etc.). You can create or modify a text file using a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_text_editor.htm');return false;">text editor.
Time-delay link: A time-delay link is a link which indicates that the child node is for a variable's value at a point in time later than the value of the = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_parent_node.htm');return false;">parent node on which it depends. The time difference is something that you can set for the link. A net that contains time-delay links is not a normal Bayes net, but rather a meta-level representation, but it can be expanded to produce a normal Bayes net. Time delay links can be used to model feedback. More Info
Toggled: A menu item that can be toggled is like a switch that can be turned on and off. When you choose it, a checkmark will appear beside it, indicating it is on. Choosing it again will remove the checkmark, indicating it is off.
Triangulated: An = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_undirected_network.htm');return false;">undirected network is triangulated if every loop of length 4 or more has a chord, i.e. a link joining two nonconsecutive nodes. Triangulating a net is the process of adding links until it is triangulated (which may be done in different ways, depending on where the links are added). The resulting net is composed only of triangles (each side being a link) fused together along their sides.
Undirected loop: An undirected loop (sometimes just called a “loop”) is a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_path.htm');return false;">path through a net, not necessarily following the direction of the arrows, which returns to its beginning (i.e. the first node of the path is the same as the last). Compare with = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_directed_cycle.htm');return false;">directed cycle.
Undirected network: An undirected network is one where the links have no direction (i.e. no arrows). A = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_Markov_network.htm');return false;">Markov network is an example. Compare with a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_directed_network.htm');return false;">directed network.
Unicode: Unicode is a text character set that was designed with the goal of being able to represent all the characters of all the world's languages. It is by far the dominant international character set, and was developed by a consortium with most of the largest computer companies as members. The first version was released in 1991, and about every year a new version is released having more characters. It normally represents each character with 2 bytes, although there are a number of complexities and alternate encodings. Netica allows some aspects of Bayes nets to be represented in Unicode, while others are required to be in = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_ASCII.htm');return false;">ASCII.
User reports: a Netica mechanism which displays customized information pertaining to a node, group of nodes, or to an entire net. The user report could be as simple as a text message giving a more detailed description of what a node means. Or it could be more complex, such as the current belief probabilities of the nodes, or a sensitivity analysis of the net. User reports can also be generated through the HED system.
Utility node: A utility node (also known as a “value node”) is a node in a = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_decision_nets.htm');return false;">decision net whose = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_expected_value.htm');return false;">expected value is to be maximized while searching for the best = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_decision_rule.htm');return false;">decision rule for each of the decision nodes. It is usually drawn as a flattened hexagon or a diamond.
Weak link: The absence of a link always indicates some = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_info_indep.htm');return false;">independence, but even if a link is present there may nearly be independence if the = 4 && typeof(BSPSPopupOnMouseOver) == 'function') BSPSPopupOnMouseOver(event);" class="BSSCPopup" onclick="BSSCPopup('X_PU_node_relation.htm');return false;">relationship that the child node has with its parents indicates that. Then it is called a weak link. Removing a weak link has little effect on the full joint probability distribution, and therefore little effect on inference results.
Whitespace: Whitespace is text which is composed solely of spaces, tabs, new lines, carriage returns or other ascii control characters.
