Naked
Write functions without prolog/epilog code
{Sub | Function} identifier Naked [calling_convention] ( param_list ) [As data_type]
identifier - name of the procedure.
calling_convention - calling convention of the procedure - can be cdecl, pascal, or stdcall
asm_statements - the code in the procedure body. The code for handling parameters and returning values must all be done manually. Note that the methods for doing these can change, depending on the calling convention.
param_list - parameters to be passed to the procedure.
data_type - the data type of the function.
Naked allows the programmer to write procedures without the compiler generating any prolog/epilog code. This is useful when writing small, fast functions in Asm without any unnecessary overhead.
Syntax
{Sub | Function} identifier Naked [calling_convention] ( param_list ) [As data_type]
asm_statements
End {Sub | Function}Parameters
identifier - name of the procedure.
calling_convention - calling convention of the procedure - can be cdecl, pascal, or stdcall
asm_statements - the code in the procedure body. The code for handling parameters and returning values must all be done manually. Note that the methods for doing these can change, depending on the calling convention.
param_list - parameters to be passed to the procedure.
data_type - the data type of the function.
Description
Naked allows the programmer to write procedures without the compiler generating any prolog/epilog code. This is useful when writing small, fast functions in Asm without any unnecessary overhead.
Example
'' Naked cdecl function
Function subtract_c Naked cdecl _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax -= b
ret '' return result in eax
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_c( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'' Naked stdcall function
Function subtract_s Naked stdcall _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
_ '' called procedure responsible for removing parameters from stack
_ '' (appending constant to RET instruction specifying number of bytes to release)
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax -= b
ret 8 '' return result in eax and 8 bytes (2 integers) to release
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_s( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'' Naked pascal function
Function subtract_p Naked pascal _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in same order as declaration
_ '' called procedure responsible for removing parameters from stack
_ '' (appending constant to RET instruction specifying number of bytes to release)
( _
ByVal a As Long, _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
ByVal b As Long _
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax -= b
ret 8 '' return result in eax and 8 bytes (2 longs) to release
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_p( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
Function subtract_c Naked cdecl _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax -= b
ret '' return result in eax
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_c( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'' Naked stdcall function
Function subtract_s Naked stdcall _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
_ '' called procedure responsible for removing parameters from stack
_ '' (appending constant to RET instruction specifying number of bytes to release)
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax -= b
ret 8 '' return result in eax and 8 bytes (2 integers) to release
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_s( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'' Naked pascal function
Function subtract_p Naked pascal _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in same order as declaration
_ '' called procedure responsible for removing parameters from stack
_ '' (appending constant to RET instruction specifying number of bytes to release)
( _
ByVal a As Long, _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
ByVal b As Long _
) As Long
Asm
mov eax, dword Ptr [esp+8] '' eax = a
Sub eax, dword Ptr [esp+4] '' eax -= b
ret 8 '' return result in eax and 8 bytes (2 longs) to release
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_p( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
'' Naked cdecl function
'' plus ecx register preserved in asm block by creating user stack
Function subtract_cp Naked cdecl _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
push ebp '' push ebp onto stack => esp -= 4
mov ebp, esp '' ebp = esp
'' => create user stack 4 bytes above call stack
push ecx '' push ecx onto user stack => esp -= 4
mov eax, dword Ptr [(ebp+4)+4] '' eax = a (supplementary offset of +4 bytes only due to 'push ebp')
mov ecx, dword Ptr [(ebp+8)+4] '' ecx = b (supplementary offset of +4 bytes only due to 'push ebp')
Sub eax, ecx '' eax -= ecx
pop ecx '' pop ecx from user stack => esp += 4
mov esp, ebp '' esp = ebp
pop ebp '' pop ebp from stack => esp += 4
'' => discard user stack
ret '' return result in eax
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_cp( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
'' plus ecx register preserved in asm block by creating user stack
Function subtract_cp Naked cdecl _ '' parameters pushed onto call stack in reverse order of declaration
( _
ByVal a As Long, _
ByVal b As Long _ '' parameter pushed onto stack in first
) As Long
Asm
push ebp '' push ebp onto stack => esp -= 4
mov ebp, esp '' ebp = esp
'' => create user stack 4 bytes above call stack
push ecx '' push ecx onto user stack => esp -= 4
mov eax, dword Ptr [(ebp+4)+4] '' eax = a (supplementary offset of +4 bytes only due to 'push ebp')
mov ecx, dword Ptr [(ebp+8)+4] '' ecx = b (supplementary offset of +4 bytes only due to 'push ebp')
Sub eax, ecx '' eax -= ecx
pop ecx '' pop ecx from user stack => esp += 4
mov esp, ebp '' esp = ebp
pop ebp '' pop ebp from stack => esp += 4
'' => discard user stack
ret '' return result in eax
End Asm
End Function
Print subtract_cp( 5, 1 ) '' 5 - 1
Platform Differences
- The default calling convention depends on the target platform, thus it is best to specify the expected calling convention explicitly when using Naked.
Differences from QB
- New to FreeBASIC
See also