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Syntax:

  #include <vector>
  TYPE& back();
  const TYPE& back() const;

The back() function returns a reference to the last element in the vector.

For example:

 vector<int> v;
 for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) {
   v.push_back(i);
 }
 cout << "The first element is " << v.front()
      << " and the last element is " << v.back() << endl;

This code produces the following output:

 The first element is 0 and the last element is 4

The back() function runs in constant time.